Target Market Selection and Trade Promotion

Careful attention should be paid to the methods of distributing profits to individual members of the community. To achieve this, a community tourism management board should be established as a representative body. Local leaders, government, as well as community organizations (e.g. women's and youth associations, handicraft groups) should be represented on this board. The board should manage the finances of community tourism income and other management issues such as representing the community in meetings and discussions with stakeholders, monitoring tourism development to ensure that it meets the policy objectives of the work program, etc. A good financial record keeping system will provide important information for effective financial management. It will also help to create transparency among community members and, therefore, avoid distrust when issues arise regarding community tourism revenue. One of the main goals of community-based tourism is to generate income together and share it fairly. The shared income can be used for productive investments within the community (e.g. wells, solar energy, water supply, health or education programs) or for the poorest households in the village.

3.3.9. Selecting target markets and promoting trade

Identify key markets, target markets and potential markets to closely combine with research on supply, demand and tourist psychology and tastes. Continue to exploit visitors from familiar international markets such as Western Europe, North America, focusing on ASEAN markets, China, Korea, Japan... The domestic tourist market plays an important role in promoting the development of tourism in the Region. In recent years, the material and spiritual life of the people has improved significantly, leading to increased demand for tourism, so it is necessary to exploit this market effectively.

Strengthening measures to promote and advertise tourism (responsibly) through mass media, applying information technology, publishing brochures and tourist guides. This is considered a principled activity that any genuine eco-tourism destination must strictly implement.

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seriously, because in addition to fully introducing the values of the area, it is also necessary to provide tourists with full information about what they "can" and "cannot" do when coming to the tourist destination to limit the negative impacts of tourists on the environment and natural and cultural values here. To do this, it is necessary to have comprehensive surveys on the possible impacts from tourists and prepare appropriate methods and content of propaganda and advertising.

Regularly investigate tourists' opinions about local tourism to improve tourism quality. Based on research on psychology, tastes, customs, and consumption habits of target customers, appropriate advertising and promotion products will be launched to satisfy customers' needs.

Forms of promotion include publishing publications (manuals, CDs, websites, flyers, brochures, logo creation...), advertising (on TV, newspapers...) and other activities such as sponsoring programs, organizing competitions, participating in shows...

In summary, above are 09 solutions to contribute to the development of community-based tourism in the Northeast region of Vietnam, arranged in decreasing order of importance. Of which, the first 05 solutions are considered the most important to promote the strengths of natural and social conditions in the Northeast region in the development of community-based tourism in general and the socio-economic development of the whole region in general.

Chapter 3 Summary

To develop community-based tourism to develop the socio-economic development of the Northeast region based on the richness and diversity of nature and unique, outstanding characteristics, specific orientations and exploitation solutions are needed. In chapter 3, the content and results of the comprehensive assessment have provided the following orientations and solutions:

Assessment of the level of favorable conditions for developing community-based tourism. The analysis results show that the Northeast has 1 region and 7 sub-regions that are very favorable for developing community-based tourism ( region I, and sub-regions TV IIa, IVb, Va, Vc, VIa, VIb, Xb); 2 regions and 3 sub-regions that are favorable for developing community-based tourism (region III, region VII, sub-region IVc, VIc, IXa); 5 sub-regions that are relatively favorable for developing community-based tourism (sub-region IIb, IVa, Vb, VIIIb, IXb.); 2 sub-regions that are less favorable for developing community-based tourism (sub-region VIIIa, Xa).

Based on the results of the assessment of the favorable level for developing community-based ecotourism, the current status of tourism development in the Northeast region, the results of SWOT analysis for community-based ecotourism development in the Northeast region, current ecotourism development trends and the national tourism development strategy to 2020 and orientation to 2030, the NCS has proposed groups of orientations and solutions to develop community-based ecotourism in the entire Northeast region: a group of orientations for product development based on the diversity and characteristics of resources with different forms of community-based ecotourism; a group of orientations for priority sub-regions for development; identification of key tourist destinations; identification of tourist routes including intra-regional and inter-regional routes. The results of orientations for organizing development space are shown on the spatial orientation map; Orientation group in resource management and environmental protection; Other orientations such as orientations for human resource development, development of infrastructure - technical infrastructure for tourism and identification of tourist markets.

Solutions include: actively engaging local communities in planning and managing tourism; selecting target markets and promoting

Trade; Infrastructure development; Capacity building training for stakeholders in community-based tourism; Building strategic partnerships with tourism companies to develop community-based tourism in the locality; Building strategic partnerships with tourism companies to develop community-based tourism in the locality; Ensuring maximum fairness in profit sharing among community members; Integrating local community-based tourism development plans into the general tourism development policy of each province; Solutions to support local communities.

In summary, the above are the orientations and solutions for developing community-based tourism in accordance with the goals, strategies and orientations for socio-economic development in general and tourism in particular. The results of the orientations and solutions contribute to the development of community-based tourism in the Northeast region to promote socio-economic development, improve the lives of local communities with the goal of poverty reduction and sustainable development.

Chapter 4. PILOT SYNTHESIS AND ORIENTATION FOR COMMUNITY-BASED ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BA BE NATIONAL PARK AND VAN DON ISLAND DISTRICT

4.1. Geographical resources for developing community-based tourism in Ba Be National Park and Van Don Island District

4.1.1. Ba Be National Park

256km north of Hanoi, Ba Be National Park is located on the limestone mountains of Nam Mau, Khang Ninh, Cao Thuong and Cao Tri communes of Ba Be district, Bac Kan province. This location not only has a decisive significance for the natural characteristics of the Park but also plays an important role, influencing socio-economic activities, including tourism activities. According to the map assessing the level of favorable conditions for developing community-based tourism, Ba Be National Park belongs to sub-region IVb - a sub-region identified as having a very favorable level of high biological value, unique indigenous culture, rich and diverse terrain and especially having

convenient location and accessibility as well as the ability to organize eco-tours.

4.1.1.1. Natural conditions and natural tourism resources

The terrain of Ba Be National Park and its vicinity is quite complex, with a high degree of fragmentation, including a complex of rivers, streams, lakes, limestone mountains from steep to steep slopes, interspersed with earthen mountains, with an altitude of 150-1,098m above sea level. The main types of terrain in the area include: medium mountains, low mountains, hills, river valleys, lakes and caves.

Ba Be is affected by the tropical monsoon climate, with cold winters. The average temperature is 22 0 C, with 1378mm of rain per year, which is a favorable condition for the development of tourism activities. However, in the area there are also some special weather phenomena such as frost, fog, hail, drizzle... affecting tourism activities.

In terms of hydrology, Ba Be is a complex of ponds, lakes, rivers and streams. In addition to the large Ba Be Lake and the central Tien Pond, the river and stream systems in the area have a great influence on tourism activities.

According to the Association of National Parks and Nature Reserves - Vietnam Forestry Science and Technology Association (2001), the biological resources of Ba Be have high biodiversity. The flora has both native components of North Vietnam - China and Indian components.

- Myanmar. Of which, there are 417 species of higher plants belonging to 114 families and 300 genera, typical of the limestone mountains of Northeastern Vietnam. Typical are thung, nghien, trai, lat hoa and truc day. The plant families with many genera and species are: the Poaceae family with 22 genera and 46 species, the Bavalidae family with 23 genera and 38 species; the Mulberry family with 6 genera and 37 species; the Bean family with 21 genera and 29 species; the Asteraceae family with 14 genera and 18 species; the Orchidaceae family with 11 genera and 17 species; the Camphoraceae family with 10 genera and 15 species. According to the thematic report, the flora of Ba Be National Park has higher biodiversity (620 species) than some other National Parks such as Yokdon (464 species), Tam Dao (490 species), Ben En (462 species).

Ba Be National Park has a rich wildlife system with many endemic and rare species, including 3 groups: terrestrial, aquatic and flying animals with a total of 412 species with 27 orders, 85 families, 55 species listed in the Vietnam Red Book. Compared to other national parks in the country, Ba Be National Park has the richest species composition, and has been classified as type A by the National Biodiversity Program Conference. Therefore, the fauna of Ba Be National Park has a particularly great significance for tourists and domestic and foreign researchers. The mammal class alone has 65 species, belonging to 7 orders, 23 families with 22 species listed in the Vietnam Red Book. Among them, there are some species that need special protection: Tonkin snub-nosed monkey, Sun bear, Tiger, Leopard, Black bear, White-cheeked langur. The number of mammal species here accounts for 23.63% of the total number of mammal species in the country, but the number of individuals is not large.

The bird class has 214 species, belonging to 17 orders, 47 families with 7 species listed in the Red Book such as: King Coc, Hong Hoang. It can be said that Ba Be is the place with the highest density and richness of bird species, accounting for 17.2% of the total number of bird species in the country.

The reptile class has 30 species, belonging to 2 orders, 11 families and 12 species that need protection such as: Water monitor lizard, Snout turtle. The amphibian class has 16 species, belonging to 1 order, 2 species listed in the Red Book: Ang frog and Spiny frog. The fish class has 87 species, of which 11 species need protection, typically: Carp

"Kinh", Trau, and Chay dat. In addition, the Garden also has 332 species of butterflies, 20 new species found for the first time in the butterfly fauna of Vietnam.

Aquatic flora and fauna, with 283 plant species, 87 fish species. In particular, there are some endemic species of flora and fauna such as: Red Apple, Anh Vu fish, Green Lagoon fish, Catfish, Chien fish (in Dau Dang waterfall), Coc fish (in Quang Khe, Dong Phuc),... Therefore, Ba Be Lake was ranked by the World Freshwater Lakes Conference held in the US in March 1995 as one of the 20 special freshwater lakes in the world that need investment and protection.

Currently, Ba Be is preserving typical ecosystems such as: evergreen tropical monsoon rainforest on limestone mountains. Here, there are many scenic spots that attract tourists, typically:

Ba Be Lake : In addition to being a tectonic lake, located in the middle of a limestone area, creating an attractive ink painting for tourists, Ba Be Lake is also a large, open water surface with an area of nearly 500 hectares.

Nang River, Puong Cave: Puong Cave is located on the Nang River, 5 km from Ba Be district. This is where the Nang River flows through a limestone mountain range. The cave is about 200 m long, with an average height of 25 to 30 m, with many majestic stalactites and stone pillars. There is also a colony of hundreds of thousands of bats living in the cave.

Fairy Pond: a small lake, about 3 hectares wide, located on the top of the mountain. Surrounded by tropical forest, the climate is cool and fresh.

There are also many other famous places such as Na Phong Cave, Bat Cave, Ba Cua Cave, Tham Kit Cave, ancient Thung tree, Don Den peak, Khao Vay peak... These famous places are attractive tourist destinations.

4.1.1.2. Socio-economic conditions and cultural tourism resources

According to the Institute of Tourism Research and Development (2003), currently in the Ba Be National Park area there are a total of 13 villages in the area of 7 communes with up to 19,077 people and 3,499 households. Of which, the Tay people (58%) live in low-lying areas along rivers and streams; the Dao people (21%) live halfway up the mountain; the H'Mong people (13%) live on the

highland; Kinh people account for only 1% and Nung people account for 7%. Here, the indigenous cultural values of ethnic minority communities are almost intact, creating tourist villages:

Ban Cam : is a small Tay village stretching about 1km along the North bank of the confluence of the Nang River and Ba Be Lake. This village is located in a small valley with a stream of clean, cool water flowing into the Nang River all year round. People in Ban Cam often use dugout canoes, a traditional symbol of Ba Be Lake. This type of boat is carved from the trunk of a large tree and although it looks very fragile, it can carry a few people.

Bo Lu and Pac Ngoi villages: from the main boat dock, visitors can clearly see Pac Ngoi village in the south of "lake one" of Ba Be lake. Located next to the fertile alluvial plains along the valley of Cho Leng river, Pac Ngoi has created its own unique and distinct traditional features, the life of the local people mainly depends on agriculture and fishing. Similarly, opposite the main dock are Bo Lu and Coc Toc villages. This is the ideal place for visitors to walk through the two villages. Although there is now a road connecting the National Park headquarters with the above villages, visitors can still enjoy and relax by cruising on the lake and walking to visit these villages. Visitors can rest and sleep overnight in these villages in the traditional stilt houses of the Tay people.

However, the educational level of the people is low (80% of the labor force has less than 5th grade education), the illiteracy rate is 31.7%; cultural and social life is still poor. Agricultural labor accounts for 80% of the total labor force, while agricultural land accounts for only 3.2% of the natural land area.

In Ba Be National Park, there are many historical relics from ancient times, creating a very strange excitement for tourists when visiting here:

Mac Dynasty relics : on the top of Lung Nham mountain, at the roof of Puong cave, there are ramparts and wells of Mac Dynasty.