Some Factors Affecting the Development of the Tourism Industry:

Hotels... can contact each other directly to solve all problems related to the trip. All are done through networked computers with quick, convenient, and easy operations. In fact, the development of telecommunications and information technology has increased the competitiveness of the tourism industry. Therefore, the countries with the leading tourism development in the world are also the countries with the most developed telecommunications and information technology industries.

- The relationship between tourism and urbanization and local development: Economic development of countries in the world in recent times has always been associated with the issue of urbanization and industrialization. According to statistics from the World Bank (WB), low-income countries such as Cambodia, Vietnam, India... are countries with low levels of urbanization, with an average urban population ratio of 22-28%, while developed industrial countries with high incomes such as the UK, France, the US, Japan, Germany... are countries with high urbanization, with an average urban population ratio of 76-77%, especially countries or territories with a high urban population ratio of over 85% such as the UK, Hong Kong... or Singapore with a ratio of 100% urban population.

Practical experience shows that tourism development is closely linked to the urbanization process to turn backward lands into attractive tourist areas. Typically, Hawaii used to be just a small island in the Pacific Ocean with a few natives living on agriculture. Today, Hawaii is known as the tourist paradise of the United States and the world, welcoming nearly 7 million tourists each year, earning over 9 billion USD, accounting for 35% of GNP.

From the above analysis, we can conclude that urbanization is an inevitable law of economic development, associated with industrialization, modernization and the development of service industries, including tourism. Urban development creates a common infrastructure for the economy but at the same time creates a material-technical basis and also provides additional resources for the tourism industry.

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- Tourism relations and other industries:

+ Regarding taxes: According to WTO statistics, the tourism industry today is one of the key industries that bring important revenue to the budgets of countries. The tourism industry contributes to the national budget through indirect taxes on consumers, corporate income tax and personal income tax. According to the report of the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) on the contribution of the tourism industry to the world economy, the amount of taxes (including VAT, corporate income tax, personal income tax) paid by

The tourism industry contributed 1,200 billion USD in 2004 and will reach 1,765.3 billion USD in 2010. There is a reciprocal relationship between the tourism industry and taxes, high or low tax rates directly affect the activities of the tourism industry. If the government has an inappropriate tax policy for the tourism industry, it will affect tourists to seek other destinations to travel, not encouraging the development of the tourism industry.

+ For Customs-Public Security-Diplomacy: Tourism and the Customs, Public Security, and Diplomacy sectors have a mutual relationship. The staff of this sector are the first or last people that tourists come into contact with when traveling to another country. To attract tourists, it is necessary to create a good first impression to attract tourists through the attitude, manners, and behavior of the staff during the process of carrying out entry, exit, and customs declaration procedures at border gates.

1.17.4. The role of tourism in the socio-cultural field:

- Tourism is a focal point for cultural exchange between communities: Through tourism, people can change their environment, have new impressions and emotions, satisfy their curiosity, and at the same time broaden their knowledge... contributing to forming the right direction in their creative dreams and future plans.

Through the contact between tourists and local residents, people can broaden their understanding of history, culture, customs, ethics, economics, etc. Tourism enriches and enriches people's aesthetic ability. Tourists can broaden their knowledge and understand many new things. Tourism is understood as an essential activity for the life of the nation because it directly affects the fields of culture, society, education, economy and international relations of countries around the world. Therefore, through tourism, people's knowledge is improved and tourism is considered a gateway for cultural exchange between communities around the world.

- Tourism plays a role as a means of education and social activity:

Tourism is also a means of educating patriotism, preserving and enhancing the traditions of the nation. Through sightseeing trips, vacations, etc., people become familiar with beautiful landscapes, history and culture of the nation, thereby increasing their love for their country. Therefore, the education system in most countries in the world, no matter how advanced, is constantly updated.

years but there is still a gap between theory and practice. The problem is that it is necessary to create conditions for students to go to places to see and hear the reality directly. Therefore, high schools and universities in developed countries often organize study tours to help students consolidate their knowledge. Travel is considered an effective means to supplement what has been learned in school.

The development of tourism also contributes to the preservation and restoration of historical and cultural relics, scenic spots of the locality and the country. In addition, the development of tourism also contributes to the preservation of national cultural identity through festival activities, the restoration of traditional craft villages, etc.

Through international tourism, people of different countries are free to travel and visit scenic spots, historical and cultural relics, and get acquainted with the customs and practices of other countries. This increases mutual understanding, mutual respect, and solidarity and friendship among nations.

- Tourism plays a role in improving health and quality of life.

living:

+ About entertainment: Psychologists and sociologists have concluded that due to over-

The process of industrialization and urbanization has affected the working and living space of people, which has been narrowed within four walls. At the same time, due to the urgent labor intensity, the working atmosphere is always tense, so they crave to find a quiet place with a fresh ecological environment to relax, rest, and travel.

+ Regarding health : With the fast pace of life and labor of modern industrial society, diseases that did not exist or were rare in the previous century have appeared, such as nervous tension, high blood pressure, occupational diseases, etc. Therefore, tourism is both a means to restore and improve people's health after hours of hard work.

Tourism activities are comprehensive, expressed in two aspects. One is that tourism includes many activities such as traveling, eating, staying, sightseeing, entertainment, shopping, people do not simply travel to see the landscape but combine many needs such as learning about the living conditions of other places, enjoying the joy of modern means of transportation, tasting delicious new flavors, buying specialties... Second, tourism is a social activity that affects many aspects of politics, economics, and culture. The development of tourism depends on the comprehensive development of

Tourism is closely linked to many related industries, thereby forming a comprehensive economic and social activity.

Therefore, tourism development will directly impact socio-economic development. Through tourism activities, it will bring efficiency not only to the tourism business unit but will also increase the income of other sectors and related localities, at the same time, it will increase the opportunity to solve employment, promote the economic restructuring of the province and the economic benefits as well as non-economic benefits that cannot be evaluated in terms of currency that tourism activities bring to society. Create a catalyst in strengthening friendly relations between other places, countries in the region and friends around the world. This will create conditions for an increasing number of visitors and will attract many foreign investment projects.

Thus, tourism development in the context of globalization and knowledge economy is a driving force of the times that will strongly impact socio-economic development. This is not only theoretically meaningful in the current context but also suitable for practical significance, contributing to the optimal exploitation of the advantages of available resources.

1.1.7.5. The role of tourism on the environment:

Tourism resources and environment in particular and resources and environment in general are always affected by socio-economic activities, including tourism development activities. These impacts can be positive, but can also be negative on the state of resources and environment if there are no appropriate solutions in terms of management organization and techniques.

The activities of the tourism industry are the exploitation of tourism potentials (natural potentials and socio-economic and humanistic potentials) to serve tourism business. Therefore, tourism activities have impacts on most forms of resources and the environment like other economic sectors. However, tourism activities also create artificial resources, forming tourism environments that are completely controlled by humans, which is the characteristic of tourism activities.

The impact of tourism activities on resources and the environment has two aspects: The positive impact creates good results for the rational use and recovery of resources, while creating the basis for sustainable environmental development. The negative impact causes waste, resource consumption and environmental degradation. Specifically as follows:

Positive impacts of tourism on the environment:

Tourism operates in the direction of restoring, preserving and protecting the environment as well as restoring, embellishing historical treasures and maintaining parks and other reserves. The benefit of not destroying wildlife for tourism is to limit activities that are detrimental to the environment. Tourism is a motive to improve the quality of the environment through the preservation, restoration and protection of nature, cultural heritage, improving the transportation system, the management system of clean water supply and wastewater treatment ... will impact to promote the attractiveness for tourists and bring increasing income to the tourism industry.

Negative impacts of tourism on the environment:

- Environmental degradation: The impacts of tourism activities on resources and the environment can be direct impacts, creating changes in the environment and the use of resources. There can also be indirect impacts through chain reactions in nature that change the elements of the environment.

Tourism activities in many cases are almost a closed loop effect. For example, the more tourists coming to a tourist destination or area, the more income and efficiency of tourism business increase, but the large number of tourists creates pressure on tourism activities such as the overload of tourists during the festival season at Huong Pagoda, Ba Chua Xu or in Sa Pa on summer weekends, in Vung Tau during the tourist season... The increase in tourism attraction increases the ability to exchange economy and culture, but also leads to an increase in social evils, epidemics, as well as the overload of tourism supply capacity... in many cases, it causes environmental degradation such as degradation of beach quality, landscape degradation.

In the Mediterranean, the excessive development of hotels has led to the degradation of the natural environment. According to the United Nations program, nearly 3/4 of the sand dunes on the Mediterranean coast between Gibraltar and Sicily have disappeared due to the construction of resorts. In Kenya, the demand for tourist resorts and hotels has led to the destruction of mangrove forests for building materials. Many places have become the sites for the construction of tourist resorts. This has directly affected the living environment in these areas.

- Environmental pollution: Environmental pollution is the main negative impact factor of tourism through air, noise, wastewater, biological and geological pollution. Traffic activities are the main cause of air and noise pollution. It is estimated that about 02 million tons of aviation fuel are burned each year, creating 550 million tons of greenhouse gases and 3.5 million tons of chemicals that create acid rain. Tourism wastewater can also cause some problems due to overloaded wastewater and waste treatment systems. These negative factors have negatively impacted the sustainable development of the tourism industry. A typical example is the ski resort in Mexico in the United States, where poor wastewater treatment has led to water pollution, changing the conditions for the balanced development of buildings and living organisms, and affecting the quality of water for daily life here. Or in Nepal, the Himalayas have suffered severe erosion as a result of trees being cut down to provide fuel for camping and animals being exploited for use as souvenirs.

Besides, many tourist activities such as boating, diving, walking, skiing, and trading in tourist areas have negatively impacted the natural environment.

Thus, in the tourism environment, the natural environment plays an important role, creating the premise for the development of famous tourist areas in countries around the world as well as in Vietnam such as Ha Long Bay-Cat Ba, Van Phong-Dai Lanh, Tam Dao, Sa Pa, Da Lat... These are tourist areas based on natural potential. Besides, the negative side of the tourism industry has directly or indirectly affected the natural environment very seriously if there is no plan to develop the tourism industry in a sustainable way.

1.2. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY:

1.2.1. External factors of the tourism industry:

Mainly research and consider the advantages and disadvantages of the external environment that directly or indirectly affect the activities of the industry. Macro impacts such as: economic, institutional, legal, social, natural environment, technology... indirectly affect the business. Micro impacts such as customers, competitors, substitute products all directly affect. This micro context is also called the operating context of the industry.

* External factor evaluation matrix:

( EFE Matrix = External Factor Evaluation Matrix)

The external factors assessment matrix helps to assess the impact of external impacts from both macro and micro areas on industry operations.

Building an EFE matrix goes through 5 steps:

- Step 1 : Make a list of factors that play a decisive role in the success of the industry.

- Step 2 : Determine the importance level from 0.0 (not important) to 1.0 (very important) of each factor. The total importance level of all factors (step 1) must equal 1.0.

- Step 3 : Determine the weight (or coefficient) from 1 to 4 of each factor in relation to the response ability of the current industry strategy. In which 4 is the best response. 3 is above average, 2 is average and 1 is below average.

- Step 4: Calculate the score of each peripheral factor by multiplying the importance level of the factor with the coefficient for that factor.

- Step 5: Add up the total score of all the factors.

If the total score is 2.5, the best is 4 and 1 is below average.

1.2.2. Internal factors of the tourism industry :

Study the strengths and weaknesses in relation to the component division level strategies. The strengths and weaknesses are the results or consequences of the functional strategies that have been effectively or ineffectively implemented in the operations management process.

Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE Matrix Analysis) : (IFE = Internal Factor Evaluation Maxtrix)

The IFE matrix evaluates the different strengths and weaknesses of the factors that govern the internal operations of a business, and at the same time provides a basis for determining the relationships between those factors.

The process of building the IFE matrix also includes 5 steps similar to the process of building the EFE matrix ''presented in section 1.2.1''

1.2.3. SWOT matrix:

The SWOT matrix combines internal and external factors to form SO, ST, WO, WT strategic options. The purpose of the SWOT matrix business situation analysis tool is to help propose feasible strategic solutions.

The SWOT matrix consists of four main elements :

- Strengths (S = Strengths) are also known as the advantages of the business (industry).

- Weaknesses (W = Weaknesses) are also known as the disadvantages of the business (industry).

- Opportunities (O = Opportunities) are also known as business (industry) opportunities.

- Threats: (T = Threats) are also known as business (industry) risks.

To set up a SWOT matrix, follow these 8 basic steps:

- Step 1 : List the main opportunities.

- Step 2 : List the main external threats.

- Step 3 : List the main strengths.

- Step 4 : List typical internal weaknesses.

- Step 5 : Combine internal strengths with external opportunities and propose appropriate SO strategies. This strategy takes advantage of one's strengths to take advantage of opportunities.

- Step 6 : Combine internal weaknesses with external opportunities and propose appropriate WO strategy options. This strategy overcomes weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities.

- Step 7 : Combine internal strengths with external threats and propose appropriate ST strategies. This strategy takes advantage of one's strengths to deal with external threats.

- Step 8 : Combine internal weaknesses with external threats and propose WT strategy. This strategy aims to minimize the effects of weaknesses and defend against external threats.

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