Skills of expressing ideas and presenting at work Part 2 - 1

CHAPTER 3. INTERESTING METHODS OF EXPRESSION

After chapter 2, you can set up a valuable outline and know what you need to say. Most speakers often feel satisfied and stop preparing here. However, do you remember the image of the bottle with water inside? Valuable content is like water in a bottle, it only stays in our brain, we cannot pour it out to share with the audience if the lid is tightly closed. That lid is the interesting expression method, without the expression method, the ideas, although valuable, will sometimes become trivial and be ignored by the audience because they do not pay attention. So, let's learn the following twenty good methods to express ideas.

1. Twenty Fun Ways to Express What You Want to Say

* Method 1. Turn into a picture

Instead of saying: “In the past 10 years, Highway 1A has had nearly 20,000 deaths due to traffic accidents” . You can say: “Imagine, you are traveling on Highway 1A from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi, instead of seeing milestones on the road, you will see upright coffins, each coffin contains the body of a victim who died in a traffic accident on Highway 1A. Every 10 seconds you will see a coffin lying on the side of the road containing a dead body inside, because on average every 100 meters there will be a coffin lying continuously from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi”. Perhaps after a long time, the audience will not dare to drive carelessly on this highway.

Remember: turn what you want to say into a picture.

* Method 2. Tell what life teaches you

In November 2014, when I attended the closing ceremony of the China study course by Dr. Biswarop - who holds two world records for memory and health - held in Ho Chi Minh City, an unexpected guest speaker appeared at the doctor's invitation. He was a man about 45 years old, quite thin but exuding a healthy vitality. He began to tell his story: "I work at a metal and electrical company, the reason I am standing here is because I have had diabetes for 12 years." He began to talk about his diabetes, how during those 12 years it had damaged his kidneys, caused blood clots and numbness in his limbs, damaged his retina, and made him suffer from infections even from just a cut.

hand, he even confessed that diabetes had made him impotent in his marriage during that time. Each audience sat silently as if absorbing every word of that man, although he occasionally stammered, stammered a few places, and sometimes was silent for dozens of seconds before mustering up the courage to continue speaking. Then he said that he had come across a clip on Youtube describing former US President Bill Clinton talking about his cardiovascular disease, while the US health system was helpless, the former president had healed himself in just 1 month thanks to a diet formula drawn from China-Study medical research. So he searched and applied it. A strange thing was that while telling the story, that man did not appear to be professional, he used very common words, such as: "Oh my god, every time I looked at the dining table and saw only vegetables, my stomach felt sick to death, I thought, oh my gosh, eating like this will kill you soon, how can you be cured of your illness...". And with that kind of experiential storytelling, at an interesting detail, the audience gave him a round of applause. I wondered: A professional speaker might not make the audience swallow his every word, let alone receive such applause. So why did a man who was speaking in public for the first time impress me and the audience so much? That was because he spoke the truth, and told his own experience with colorful and realistic details down to each event. He received a big round of applause from the audience, many people stood up to thank him when he ended his speech with the announcement that he had stopped taking insulin for the past 16 months. I am still impressed by that honest speech until now, so much so that I suggested that a TV station produce a program on the Secret to Longevity to introduce this diet to the audience.

You see, speakers who talk about what they have learned from life never lose the attention of the audience. From my own experience, I know many speakers do not easily accept this point of view, they avoid using personal experiences, because they think they are too ordinary or too boastful. Therefore, they easily rush into general philosophies, vague concepts that make the atmosphere gloomy.

Remember: “All theories are gray, only the tree of life is forever green.” Tell us what life has taught you.

* Method 3. Compare what you say with what the audience knows

Sometimes you find yourself at a loss for words. It seems obvious to you, but it’s hard to explain it to someone else who understands it as well. What do you do? Compare something your audience will understand, like this with that, something unfamiliar with something familiar.

For example, instead of just saying, “ A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without changing anything itself ,” you could add a metaphor: “ It's like a little boy standing in the middle of the schoolyard, walking around, punching, and teasing all the other kids there, without ever getting hit back .”

* Method 4. Compare two opposite things to emphasize one thing.

Example 1: To emphasize the method of success, we tell the story of a successful man and a failed man because they have two different ways of thinking about finances.

If you have time, collect or compose a story to compare.

Example 2: The story of two people carrying water from the mountains to the village. The poor man wanted to earn more money, so he had to buy a bigger bucket, carry more, carry heavier loads, and work from dawn to dusk. The rich man carried a moderate load to ensure his life. The rest of the time, he worked hard in the forest, cutting bamboo and rattan to make a trough to carry water from the mountains to the village. In the end, the rich man earned money even while sleeping, while the poor man was still struggling to carry water at night. From there, it highlighted the difference in the way of thinking between the two people.

* Method 5. Project pictures, draw charts, display models

In your opinion, which of the following three materials is the easiest to remember: images - words - numbers? The champion of the three types of memory is always visual memory. To make it easier to understand, imagine it like this: There are more nerves connecting the eyes to the brain than the nerves connecting the ears to the brain. Therefore, let your audience see whenever possible. Diagrams are more convincing than words. Images are more convincing than diagrams. Models or real objects are more convincing than images. An ideal presentation is a series of memorable images, and words are only used to link those images together and make them more profound. If you use pictures, charts or models, follow these suggestions, you will definitely attract the attention of your audience:

1. Don't let the audience see it in advance so they don't lose interest. If it's a model, you can put it on the table and cover it with something. When you talk, mention it but don't say what it is so the audience is curious. When you're ready to reveal it, make sure the audience is intrigued, excited, and genuinely interested.

2. The images and illustrations must be large enough for everyone to see. If the model is small, take a picture of it and project it onto the screen. Remember, if the audience cannot see it, they will not learn anything from the illustrations.

3. Never pass those illustrations around to the audience while you are speaking because people will fight over them. An object is more attractive than any words you say.

4. A moving video clip is ten times more effective than a static illustration. Use clips with sound effects and background music if possible.

5. Don't stare at pictures or models while you are speaking. You are communicating with your audience.

6. When you no longer need the illustrations, put them away.

Visual illustrations are a powerful tool to help your audience see what you have in mind.

* Method 6. Quote from an expert

Listen and compare the following two sentences:

+ “You know, the most effective investment is investing in yourself.”

+ Warrent Buffet, the legendary investor, affirmed: "The most effective investment is investing in yourself."

+ Traditional classrooms with walls can only accommodate a limited number of people. Meanwhile, online classes can meet the needs of thousands and tens of thousands of people.

+ Dr. Nguyen Hong Son, Deputy Director of the Department of Continuing Education, Ministry of Education and Training, talked about the effectiveness of online learning: "Classrooms with traditional walls can only accommodate a limited number of people.

limited. Meanwhile, online classes meet the needs of thousands, tens of thousands of people".

Obviously, you see the name of the expert, the statement becomes weighty, impressive and especially, creates trust in the listener's mind.

* Method 7. Use metaphors

For example:

- “The most foolish thing a man can do is to knock over his own bowl of rice just for a bowl of pho, which is sold everywhere on the street. And the most foolish thing a girl can do is to turn herself into a bowl of cheap pho and then never be able to turn back into a bowl of rice.”

- “Don't lose the moon while counting the stars.”

- “Holding your villa on one side, and five shacks on the other side that can only be crossed by road, which one would you rather stay in forever?”

You see, there are a thousand metaphors to advise someone to be faithful.

Images are a hundred times more powerful than words in the brain. Therefore, use metaphors to express what you want to say, and at the same time, it will be interesting food for the brain to absorb easily.

* Method 8. Tell a metaphorical story

Two woodcutters were in a tree-chopping contest. The first one quickly grabbed a rusty axe, ran into the woods, and started chopping down every tree he saw. The second one took his time sharpening his axe until almost half the contest was over. But once he finished sharpening it, he ran into the woods and quickly cut down many times more trees than the other one.

You see, before you act, sharpen your tools. Work wisely, by investing in your intelligence, honing your skills, instead of rushing into action blindly.

=> The story of the rusty axe & the sharp axe makes the message much more memorable.

* Method 9. Put comments on dry content

In 2014, I attended a training course on Presentation Skills for branch managers of an agricultural chemical corporation held at Ninh Kieu Hotel, Can Tho City. Of course, such people are always constrained by time and do not have enough time to prepare their lessons.

That morning, a man, let's call him Mr. Lam, a branch manager, on his way to class, stopped by the newsstand to buy a copy of the Entrepreneur magazine and read an article titled "7 Qualities for Success". He read it not because it was interesting but because he needed something to say in class. That morning, it was his turn to speak convincingly and enthusiastically about the content of the article. What was the result? Imagine. He didn't even grasp the meaning of what he was trying to express. "Trying to express" - is the right phrase to describe the situation. He was trying and there was no clear message, his gestures and tone were all showing his effort. He kept trying to refer to the article, that the author said this and that. The presentation was full of journalistic colors, without any trace of Mr. Lam.

After finishing the presentation, the instructor said: “Mr. Lam, we are not interested in the writer of this article because he is not here. We are interested in you and your thoughts! Read the article again and ask yourself if you agree with the author? Why? And give evidence from your own experience. We will continue your presentation early this afternoon!”

Mr. Lam reread the article and presented his speech in the early afternoon. He admitted that there were a few things he disagreed with the author about. I still remember his words: “The author said that if you want to be successful, you have to work harder. I think that is not quite right. If you want to be more successful, you have to work smarter. There are many people who work hard from dawn to dusk but are not successful. But if you work smart, sometimes working only a few hours a day, or even a few sessions a week, you can create a thousand times more value than the first person.”

You see, instead of regurgitating the content, he showed his own personality by giving his own counter-argument, giving his own opinion. It made the presentation less dry, more lively and debateable. With presentations full of numbers, full of boring bullet points, add your own comments, maybe the audience won't remember 1000

The number you read, the 1000 terms you present, they remember your interesting commentary and yours alone.

* Method 10. Crossword

Can you help me solve this crossword puzzle?

+ Crossword puzzle with 6 letters

Maybe you are interested!

• Qos Assurance Methods for Multimedia Communications zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gs zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts low. The EF PHB requires a sufficiently large number of output ports to provide low delay, low loss, and low jitter. EF PHBs can be implemented if the output port's bandwidth is sufficiently large, combined with small buffer sizes and other network resources dedicated to EF packets, to allow the router's service rate for EF packets on an output port to exceed the arrival rate λ of packets at that port. This means that packets with PHB EF are considered with a pre-allocated amount of output bandwidth and a priority that ensures minimum loss, minimum delay and minimum jitter before being put into operation. PHB EF is suitable for channel simulation, leased line simulation, and real-time services such as voice, video without compromising on high loss, delay and jitter values. Figure 2.10 Example of EF installation Figure 2.10 shows an example of an EF PHB implementation. This is a simple priority queue scheduling technique. At the edges of the DS domain, EF packet traffic is prioritized according to the values ​​agreed upon by the SLA. The EF queue in the figure needs to output packets at a rate higher than the packet arrival rate λ. To provide an EF PHB over an end-to-end DS domain, bandwidth at the output ports of the core routers needs to be allocated in advance to ensure the requirement μ > λ. This can be done by a pre-configured provisioning process. In the figure, EF packets are placed in the priority queue (the upper queue). With such a length, the queue can operate with μ > λ. Since EF was primarily used for real-time services such as voice and video, and since real-time services use UDP instead of TCP, RED is generally not suitable for EF queues because applications using UDP will not respond to random packet drop and RED will strip unnecessary packets. 2.2.4.2 Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB PHB AF is defined by RFC 2597. The purpose of PHB AF is to deliver packets reliably and therefore delay and jitter are considered less important than packet loss. PHB AF is suitable for non-real-time services such as applications using TCP. PHB AF first defines four classes: AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4. For each of these AF classes, packets are then classified into three subclasses with three distinct priority levels. Table 2.8 shows the four AF classes and 12 AF subclasses and the DSCP values ​​for the 12 AF subclasses defined by RFC 2597. RFC 2597 also allows for more than three separate priority levels to be added for internal use. However, these separate priority levels will only have internal significance. PHB Class PHB Subclass Package type DSCP AF4 AF41 Short 100010 AF42 Medium 100100 AF43 High 100110 AF3 AF31 Short 011010 AF32 Medium 011100 AF33 High 011110 AF2 AF21 Short 010010 AF22 Medium 010100 AF23 High 010110 AF1 AF11 Short 001010 AF12 Medium 001100 AF13 High 001110 Table 2.8 AF DSCPs The AF PHB ensures that packets are forwarded with a high probability of delivery to the destination within the bounds of the rate agreed upon in an SLA. If AF traffic at an ingress port exceeds the pre-priority rate, which is considered non-compliant or “out of profile”, the excess packets will not be delivered to the destination with the same probability as the packets belonging to the defined traffic or “in profile” packets. When there is network congestion, the out of profile packets are dropped before the in profile packets are dropped. When service levels are defined using AF classes, different quantity and quality between AF classes can be realized by allocating different amounts of bandwidth and buffer space to the four AF classes. Unlike EF, most AF traffic is non-real-time traffic using TCP, and the RED queue management strategy is an AQM (Adaptive Queue Management) strategy suitable for use in AF PHBs. The four AF PHB layers can be implemented as four separate queues. The output port bandwidth is divided into four AF queues. For each AF queue, packets are marked with three “colors” corresponding to three separate priority levels. In addition to the 32 DSCP 1 groups defined in Table 2.8, 21 DSCPs have been standardized as follows: one for PHB EF, 12 for PHB AF, and 8 for CSCP. There are 11 DSCP 1 groups still available for other standards. 2.2.5.Example of Differentiated Services We will look at an example of the Differentiated Service model and mechanism of operation. The architecture of Differentiated Service consists of two basic sets of functions: Edge functions: include packet classification and traffic conditioning. At the inbound edge of the network, incoming packets are marked. In particular, the DS field in the packet header is set to a certain value. For example, in Figure 2.12, packets sent from H1 to H3 are marked at R1, while packets from H2 to H4 are marked at R2. The labels on the received packets identify the service class to which they belong. Different traffic classes receive different services in the core network. The RFC definition uses the term behavior aggregate rather than the term traffic class. After being marked, a packet can be forwarded immediately into the network, delayed for a period of time before being forwarded, or dropped. We will see that there are many factors that affect how a packet is marked, and whether it is forwarded immediately, delayed, or dropped. Figure 2.12 DiffServ Example Core functionality: When a DS-marked packet arrives at a Diffservcapable router, the packet is forwarded to the next router based on Per-hop behavior is associated with packet classes. Per-hop behavior affects router buffers and the bandwidth shared between competing classes. An important principle of the Differentiated Service architecture is that a router's per-hop behavior is based only on the packet's marking or the class to which it belongs. Therefore, if packets sent from H1 to H3 as shown in the figure receive the same marking as packets from H2 to H4, then the network routers treat the packets exactly the same, regardless of whether the packet originated from H1 or H2. For example, R3 does not distinguish between packets from h1 and H2 when forwarding packets to R4. Therefore, the Differentiated Service architecture avoids the need to maintain router state about separate source-destination pairs, which is important for network scalability. Chapter Conclusion Chapter 2 has presented and clarified two main models of deploying and installing quality of service in IP networks. While the traditional best-effort model has many disadvantages, later models such as IntServ and DiffServ have partly solved the problems that best-effort could not solve. IntServ follows the direction of ensuring quality of service for each separate flow, it is built similar to the circuit switching model with the use of the RSVP resource reservation protocol. IntSer is suitable for services that require fixed bandwidth that is not shared such as VoIP services, multicast TV services. However, IntSer has disadvantages such as using a lot of network resources, low scalability and lack of flexibility. DiffServ was born with the idea of ​​solving the disadvantages of the IntServ model. DiffServ follows the direction of ensuring quality based on the principle of hop-by-hop behavior based on the priority of marked packets. The policy for different types of traffic is decided by the administrator and can be changed according to reality, so it is very flexible. DiffServ makes better use of network resources, avoiding idle bandwidth and processing capacity on routers. In addition, the DifServ model can be deployed on many independent domains, so the ability to expand the network becomes easy. Chapter 3: METHODS TO ENSURE QoS FOR MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS In packet-switched networks, different packet flows often have to share the transmission medium all the way to the destination station. To ensure the fair and efficient allocation of bandwidth to flows, appropriate serving mechanisms are required at network nodes, especially at gateways or routers, where many different data flows often pass through. The scheduler is responsible for serving packets of the selected flow and deciding which packet will be served next. Here, a flow is understood as a set of packets belonging to the same priority class, or originating from the same source, or having the same source and destination addresses, etc. In normal state when there is no congestion, packets will be sent as soon as they are delivered. In case of congestion, if QoS assurance methods are not applied, prolonged congestion can cause packet drops, affecting service quality. In some cases, congestion is prolonged and widespread in the network, which can easily lead to the network being "frozen", or many packets being dropped, seriously affecting service quality. Therefore, in this chapter, in sections 3.2 and 3.3, we introduce some typical network traffic load monitoring techniques to predict and prevent congestion before it occurs through the measure of dropping (removing) packets early when there are signs of impending congestion. 3.1. DropTail method DropTail is a simple, traditional queue management method based on FIFO mechanism. All incoming packets are placed in the queue, when the queue is full, the later packets are dropped. Due to its simplicity and ease of implementation, DropTail has been used for many years on Internet router systems. However, this algorithm has the following disadvantages: − Cannot avoid the phenomenon of “Lock out”: Occurs when 1 or several traffic streams monopolize the queue, making packets of other connections unable to pass through the router. This phenomenon greatly affects reliable transmission protocols such as TCP. According to the anti-congestion algorithm, when locked out, the TCP connection stream will reduce the window size and reduce the packet transmission speed exponentially. − Can cause Global Synchronization: This is the result of a severe “Lock out” phenomenon. Some neighboring routers have their queues monopolized by a number of connections, causing a series of other TCP connections to be unable to pass through and simultaneously reducing the transmission speed. After those monopolized connections are temporarily suspended, Once the queue is cleared, it takes a considerable amount of time for TCP connections to return to their original speed. − Full Queue phenomenon: Data transmitted on the Internet often has an explosion, packets arriving at the router are often in clusters rather than in turn. Therefore, the operating mechanism of DropTail makes the queue easily full for a long period of time, leading to the average delay time of large packets. To avoid this phenomenon, with DropTail, the only way is to increase the router's buffer, this method is very expensive and ineffective. − No QoS guarantee: With the DropTail mechanism, there is no way to prioritize important packets to be transmitted through the router earlier when all are in the queue. Meanwhile, with multimedia communication, ensuring connection and stable speed is extremely important and the DropTail algorithm cannot satisfy. The problem of choosing the buffer size of the routers in the network is to “absorb” short bursts of traffic without causing too much queuing delay. This is necessary in bursty data transmission. The queue size determines the size of the packet bursts (traffic spikes) that we want to be able to transmit without being dropped at the routers. In IP-based application networks, packet dropping is an important mechanism for indirectly reporting congestion to end stations. A solution that prevents router queues from filling up while reducing the packet drop rate is called dynamic queue management. 3.2. Random elimination method – RED 3.2.1 Overview RED (Random Early Detection of congestion; Random Early Drop) is one of the first AQM algorithms proposed in 1993 by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, two scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California, USA. Due to its outstanding advantages compared to previous queue management algorithms, RED has been widely installed and deployed on the Internet. The most fundamental point of their work is that the most effective place to detect congestion and react to it is at the gateway or router. Source entities (senders) can also do this by estimating end-to-end delay, throughput variability, or the rate of packet retransmissions due to drop. However, the sender and receiver view of a particular connection cannot tell which gateways on the network are congested, and cannot distinguish between propagation delay and queuing delay. Only the gateway has a true view of the state of the queue, the link share of the connections passing through it at any given time, and the quality of service requirements of the traffic flows. The RED gateway monitors the average queue length, which detects early signs of impending congestion (average queue length exceeding a predetermined threshold) and reacts appropriately in one of two ways: − Drop incoming packets with a certain probability, to indirectly inform the source of congestion, the source needs to reduce the transmission rate to keep the queue from filling up, maintaining the ability to absorb incoming traffic spikes. − Mark “congestion” with a certain probability in the ECN field in the header of TCP packets to notify the source (the receiving entity will copy this bit into the acknowledgement packet). Figure 3. 1 RED algorithm The main goal of RED is to avoid congestion by keeping the average queue size within a sufficiently small and stable region, which also means keeping the queuing delay sufficiently small and stable. Achieving this goal also helps: avoid global synchronization, not resist bursty traffic flows (i.e. flows with low average throughput but high volatility), and maintain an upper bound on the average queue size even in the absence of cooperation from transport layer protocols. To achieve the above goals, RED gateways must do the following: − The first is to detect congestion early and react appropriately to keep the average queue size small enough to keep the network operating in the low latency, high throughput region, while still allowing the queue size to fluctuate within a certain range to absorb short-term fluctuations. As discussed above, the gateway is the most appropriate place to detect congestion and is also the most appropriate place to decide which specific connection to report congestion to. − The second thing is to notify the source of congestion. This is done by marking and notifying the source to reduce traffic. Normally the RED gateway will randomly drop packets. However, if congestion If congestion is detected before the queue is full, it should be combined with packet marking to signal congestion. The RED gateway has two options: drop or mark; where marking is done by marking the ECN field of the packet with a certain probability, to signal the source to reduce the traffic entering the network. − An important goal that RED gateways need to achieve is to avoid global synchronization and not to resist traffic flows that have a sudden characteristic. Global synchronization occurs when all connections simultaneously reduce their transmission window size, leading to a severe drop in throughput at the same time. On the other hand, Drop Tail or Random Drop strategies are very sensitive to sudden flows; that is, the gateway queue will often overflow when packets from these flows arrive. To avoid these two phenomena, gateways can use special algorithms to detect congestion and decide which connections will be notified of congestion at the gateway. The RED gateway randomly selects incoming packets to mark; with this method, the probability of marking a packet from a particular connection is proportional to the connection's shared bandwidth at the gateway. − Another goal is to control the average queue size even without cooperation from the source entities. This can be done by dropping packets when the average size exceeds an upper threshold (instead of marking it). This approach is necessary in cases where most connections have transmission times that are less than the round-trip time, or where the source entities are not able to reduce traffic in response to marking or dropping packets (such as UDP flows). 3.2.2 Algorithm This section describes the algorithm for RED gateways. RED gateways calculate the average queue size using a low-pass filter. This average queue size is compared with two thresholds: minth and maxth. When the average queue size is less than the lower threshold, no incoming packets are marked or dropped; when the average queue size is greater than the upper threshold, all incoming packets are dropped. When the average queue size is between minth and maxth, each incoming packet is marked or dropped with a probability pa, where pa is a function of the average queue size avg; the probability of marking or dropping a packet for a particular connection is proportional to the bandwidth share of that connection at the gateway. The general algorithm for a RED gateway is described as follows: [5] For each packet arrival Caculate the average queue size avg If minth ≤ avg < maxth div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:Wingdings; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-d
• Research Model of Factors Impacting Work Motivation of Tour Guide Team in Binh Dinh Province
• Percentage of Investigation Articles Using Role-Playing Skills (%)
• Managing child care and education activities at the Center for Comprehensive Social Protection and Social Work of Bac Kan province - 16
• Skills for Working with Text Channels and Combining Image Channels

+ Hint 1: Mention the name of a type of potato.

+ Hint 2: There is a mention of a tool used to protect the safety of the house.

+ Hint 3: The first two letters are TU, the last two letters are OA

=> Answer: “KEYWORD”

10th method of presentation: Choose the most important phrase in the idea you want to convey, turn it into a crossword puzzle, then let the audience guess, think, and reason. This is a very effective method because anything that is surprising will leave a lasting impression. If your presentation contains technical terms, turn them into a crossword puzzle, and the clues are descriptions of the technical terms. Instead of boring words, the crossword puzzle will stimulate thinking.

EXERCISE 11:

Choose 3 small ideas that you did in EXERCISE 10.

For each idea, use one of the ten methods above to express your idea.

---

* Method 11. Turn content into quizzes

For example:

- Question 1. During your period, if you drink a lot of coconut water and eat a lot of watermelon, it will cause your period to increase abnormally. True or false? 5 seconds to start!

- Question 2. The phenomenon that officially marks puberty in boys is the phenomenon of "oil lamp overflow", true or false? 5 seconds to start!

Etc.

These are two of the 20 True-False multiple choice questions in the adolescent reproductive health class that I often teach on the school playground to students. Instead of standing there talking, challenge the audience's thinking, let them participate in answering. Through quizzes, you will present the problem in a very natural way. Through analyzing the answers, you will provide knowledge in a very interesting way. I guarantee that when you turn information into quizzes, the atmosphere of the presentation will be different! Completely different!

Remember: Turn content into quizzes.

I have a riddle for you that I heard in a pharmaceutical conference that still impresses me to this day: "I have a riddle, what disease causes people to lose all their fingerprints, this disease is not contagious, often found in people who are very jealous?"

* Method 12. Interview the audience or experts

During a talk on the topic of the Art of Building a Happy Family for the staff of the Ministry of Finance - Office 2 in Ho Chi Minh City on the occasion of Vietnamese Family Day. I told the audience: Now, I wonder if any of you in the audience can share a secret to a happy family? Immediately, the audience pointed out the oldest man in the audience, he is one of the few members of the agency who just celebrated his diamond wedding anniversary, meaning he has been married to his wife for more than 40 years.

He took the microphone and enthusiastically shared: “Since we first got married, my wife and I have established a code of conduct in the house: Every time we quarrel, if one scolds the other, the other will be quiet. One day, when she was scolding me for leaving things in the house in disarray, I sat still and listened. Every now and then she turned to ask: “Have you heard what I just said?” I replied: “Yes, I am still listening. Are you done talking? If you are, it is my turn!” The whole hall burst into laughter. That day, the entire hall learned a profound and humorous lesson.