* Accounting method:
Account 911
Account 515 Account 111,112
Interest on deposits, interest on foreign currency sales, and payment discounts enjoyed.
TK121,128...
Short-term and long-term investment returns
Financial revenue transfer
TK221,222...
Dividends and profits used for continued investment
TK331
Early payment discount
TK413
Carry forward of exchange rate difference profit
Diagram 1.6: Sequence diagram of accounting for financial activity revenue
1.3.4.2. Financial cost accounting
* Documents used:
Payment voucher
Notice of availability
Accounting voucher
Other relevant documents
* Account used:
Account 635: “Financial expenses”
* Account structure:
Debit account 635 - Financial operating expenses Credit
Collection of actual financial operating expenses incurred during the period
At the end of the period, transfer all financial expenses and losses incurred during the period to determine business results |
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Car body electrical practice - 8
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If the voltage is out of specification, replace the wire or connector.
If the voltage is within specification, install the front fog light relay and follow step 5.
Step 5 Check the front fog light switch
- Remove the D4 connector of the fog light switch
- Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the front fog light switch.
Measurement location
Condition
Standard
D4-3 (BFG) -D4-4 (LFG)
Light switchFront Fog OFF
>10kΩ
D4-3 (BFG) -D4-4 (LFG)
Front fog light switchON
<1 Ω
- Standard resistor
D4 connector is located on the combination switch assembly.
If the resistance is out of specification, replace the combination switch (the fog light switch is located in the combination switch).
If the resistance is within specification, follow step 6.
Step 6 Check wiring and connectors (front fog light relay-light selector switch)
- Disconnect connector D4 of the combination switch assembly
- Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage value of jack D4 on the wire side.
Measurement location
Control modecontrol
Standard
D4-3 (BFG) - (-) AQ
TAIL
11 to 14 V
D4 connector for the wiring of the combination switch assembly
If the voltage does not meet the standard, replace the wire or connector.
If the voltage is within standard, there may have been an error in the previous measurements.
Step 7 Check the front fog lights
- Remove the front fog light electrical connector.
- Supply battery voltage to the fog lamp terminals
Jack 8, B9 of front fog lamp on the electrical side
blind first.
Power supply location
Terms and Conditions
Battery positive terminal - Terminal 2Battery negative terminal - Terminal 1
Fog lightsbefore morning
- If the light does not come on, replace the bulb.
If the light is on, re-plug the jack and continue to step 8.
Step 8 Check wiring and connectors (relay and front fog lights)
- Disconnect the B8 and B9 connectors of the front fog lights.
- Use a voltmeter to measure voltage at the following locations:
Measurement location
Switch location
Terms and Conditions
B8-2 - (-) AQ
Electric lock ON TAIL size switchFog switch ON
11 to 14 V
B9-2 - (-) AQ
Electric lock ONTAIL size switch Fog switch ON
11 to 14 V
B8 and B9 connectors on the front fog lamp wiring side
Voltage is not up to standard, repair or replace the jack. If up to standard, there may have been an error in the measurement process.
2.2.4. Procedure for removing, installing and adjusting fog lights 1. Procedure for removing
- Remove the front inner ear pads
Use a screwdriver to remove the 3 screws and remove the front part of the front inner ear liner
-Remove the fog light assembly
+ Disconnect the connector.
+ Use a screwdriver to remove 3 screws to remove the fog light cover
2. Installation sequence
-Rotate the fog lamp bulb in the direction indicated by the arrow as shown in the figure and remove the fog lamp from the fog lamp assembly.
-Rotate the fog light bulb in the direction indicated by the arrow as shown in the figure and install the light into the fog light assembly.
- Use a screwdriver to install the fog light cover
-Install the electrical connector
Attention: Be careful not to damage the plastic thread on the lamp assembly.
- Install the front inner ear pads
Use a screwdriver to install the front inner bumper with 3 screws.
3. Prepare the vehicle to adjust the fog light convergence. Prepare the vehicle:
- Make sure there is no damage or deformation to the vehicle body around the fog lights.
- Add fuel to the fuel tank
- Add oil to standard level.
- Add engine coolant to standard level.
- Inflate the tire to standard pressure.
- Place spare tire, tools and jack in original design position
- Do not leave any load in the luggage compartment.
- Let a person weighing about 75 kg sit in the driver's seat.
4. Prepare to check the fog light convergence
a/ Prepare the vehicle status as follows:
- Place the car in a dark enough place to see the lines. The lines are the dividing line, below which the light from the fog lights can be seen but above which it cannot.
- Place the car perpendicular to the wall.
- Keep a distance of 7.62 m between the center of the fog lamp and the wall.
- Park the car on level ground.
- Press the car down a few times to stabilize the suspension.
Note: A distance of approximately 7.62 m is required between the vehicle (fog lamp center) and the wall to adjust the convergence correctly. If the distance of 7.62 m cannot be achieved, set the correct distance of 3 m to check and adjust the fog lamp convergence. (Since the target area varies with the distance, please follow the instructions as shown in the figure.)
b/ Prepare a piece of thick white paper about 2 m high and 4 m wide to use as a screen.
c/ Draw a vertical line through the center of the screen (line V).
d/ Set the screen as shown in the picture. Note:
- Keep the screen perpendicular to the ground.
- Align the V line on the screen with the center of the vehicle.
e/Draw the reference lines (H, V LH and V RH lines) on the screen as shown in the figure.HINT:
Mark the center of the fog lamp on the screen. If the center mark cannot be seen on the fog lamp, use the center of the fog lamp or the manufacturer's name mark on the fog lamp as the center mark.
H line (fog light height):
Draw a line across the screen so that it passes through the center mark. Line H should be at the same height as the center mark of the fog light bulb.
Line V LH, V RH (center mark position of left fog lamp LH and right fog lamp RH):
Draw two lines so that they intersect line H at the center marks.
5. Check the fog light convergence
a/ Cover the fog lamp or remove the connector of the other side fog lamp to prevent light from the unchecked fog lamp from affecting the fog lamp convergence test.
b/ Start the engine.
c/ Turn on the fog lights and make sure that the dividing line is outside the standard area as shown in the drawing.
6. Adjust the fog light convergence
Use a screwdriver to adjust the fog light to the standard area by turning the toe adjustment screw.
Note: If the screw is adjusted too far, loosen it and then tighten it again, so that the last rotation of the light adjustment screw is clockwise.
3. Self-study questions
1. Describe the operating principle of the lighting system with automatic headlight function
2. Describe the operating principle of the lighting system with the function of rotating headlights when turning
3. Draw diagram and connect lighting system on Hyundai Porter car
4. Draw diagram and connect lighting system on Honda Accord 1992
5. Draw the lighting circuit on a 1993 Toyota Lexus
LESSON 3 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL SYSTEM
I. IMPLEMENTATION GOAL
After completing this lesson, students will be able to:
- Distinguish between types of signals on cars
- Correctly describe common symptoms and suspected areas causing damage.
- Connecting signal circuits ensures technical requirements
- Disassemble, install, check, maintain and repair the signal system to ensure technical requirements.
- Ensure safety in work and industrial hygiene
II. LESSON CONTENT
1. General description
The signal system equipped on cars aims to create signals to notify other vehicles participating in traffic about the vehicle's operating status such as: stopping, parking, braking, reversing, turning...
Signals are used either by light such as headlamps, brake lights, turn signals….. or by sound such as horns, reverse music….
Just like the lighting system. A signal system circuit usually consists of: battery, fuse, wire, relay, electrical load and control switch. Only some switches of the signal system are on the combination switch. The switches of other signals are usually located in different locations such as in the gearbox or brake pedal……
2. Maintenance and repair
2.1. Turn signals and hazard lights
The installation location of the turn signal is shown in Figure 3.1. The turn signal control switch is located in the combination switch under the steering wheel. Turning this switch to the right or left will make the turn signal turn right or left.
The hazard light switch is used when the vehicle has a problem while participating in traffic. When the hazard light switch is turned on, all the turn signals on the vehicle will light up at a certain frequency. The hazard light switch is usually placed separately from the turn signal switch (some old cars integrate the hazard and turn signal switches on the same combination switch cluster).
Figure 3.1 Turn signal switch Figure 3.2 Hazard switch
The part that generates the flashing frequency for the lights is called a turn signal relay. The turn signal relay usually has 3 terminals: B (positive power supply); E (negative power supply); L (providing the turn signal switch to distribute to the
lamp)
2.1.1. Circuit diagram
To generate the frequency for the turn signal, a turn signal relay is used in the turn signal circuit. The current from the turn signal relay will be sent to the turn signal switch assembly to distribute the current to the turn signal lights for the driver's purpose.
Figure 3.3. Schematic diagram of a turn signal circuit without a hazard switch
1. Battery; 2. Electric lock; 3. Turn signal relay; 4. Turn signal switch; 5. Turn signal lamp; 6. Turn signal lamp; 7. Hazard switch
Figure 3.4 Schematic diagram of turn signal circuit with hazard switch
1. Battery; 2. Combination switch cluster; 3. Turn signal;
4. Turn signal light; 5. Turn signal relay
Today's cars no longer use three-pin turn signal relays (B, L, E) but use eight-pin turn signal relays (figure 3.5) (pin number 8 is used for hazard lights).
For this type, the current supplying the turn signal lights is supplied directly from the turn signal relay to the lights.
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Account 635 has no ending balance.
* Accounting method:
Account 111,112,242,335
Account 635
Account 911
Pay interest on loans, allocate interest on purchases on credit or installments
Account 121,221
Investment loss
Account 111, 112
Financial expense transfer
Proceeds from Joint Venture Expenses of Associate Investment
Account 111(2), 112(2)
Sell foreign currency
Foreign exchange loss
Diagram 1.7: Sequence diagram of financial cost accounting
1.3.5. Accounting for other income and other expenses
1.3.5.1. Other income accounting
* Documents used:
VAT invoice
Receipt, credit note
Minutes of liquidation of fixed assets, economic contracts
Other relevant documents
* Account used: Account 711: “Other income”.
* Account structure:
Debit account 711 - Other income Credit
VAT payable (if any) on other income
Carry forward income
other to account 911 - determine business results
Other actual income generated |
Account 711 has no ending balance.
* Accounting method:
Account 911
Account 711
Account 111,112,131
Income from liquidation and sale of fixed assets
Account 3331
VAT
output
TK111,112
Other income transfer
Other income in cash such as fines collected from customers for breach of contract
TK331,338
Collecting debts of unknown owners
TK152,156
Sponsored, donated, donated materials, goods
fixed assets
Diagram 1.8: Sequence diagram for accounting for other operating income
1.3.5.2. Other cost accounting Other costs include:
Liquidation costs and residual value of liquidated assets.
Difference in loss due to valuation of materials, goods, fixed assets contributed to joint ventures, associations, and long-term investments.
Fines for breach of economic contracts.
Tax penalties, tax arrears.
Other fees
* Documents used:
Payment voucher
Accounting voucher
Other relevant documents
* Account used:
Account 811: “Other expenses”
Debit account 811 – Other expenses Credit
Other expenses incurred during the period
At the end of the period, transfer all other expenses in the period to account 911 - determine business results |
Account 811 has no ending balance.
* Accounting method:
Account 811
Account 214 Account 911
Account 211, 213
Original value of remaining value of fixed assets when liquidated or sold
Account 111,112
Fines for violations
economic contract or violation of law
Carry over other expenses
Account 111,112
Costs incurred when liquidating and selling fixed assets
Account 133
VAT (if applicable)
Diagram 1.9: Sequence diagram of accounting for other operating costs
1.3.6. Accounting determines business results
* Documents used:
Accounting voucher
* Account used:
Account 911: “Determining business results”
* Account structure:
Debit account 911 - determine business results Credit
Carry over cost of goods sold, financial expenses, selling expenses, administrative expenses, other expenses and taxes
Total sales revenue during the period. Total net revenue from financial activities and other activities Carryover of business operating losses |
Account 911 has no ending balance.
* Accounting method:
Account 632
Account 911 Account 511
Carry over cost of goods sold
Transfer of sales revenue and service provision
TK641,642 TK515
Carryover of sales and administration expenses
TK635,811
Transfer of financial activity revenue
TK711
Financial expense transfer
Other income transfer
TK821
Other costs
Carry forward corporate income tax expense
Loss carryover
TK421
Interest carryforward
Diagram 1.10: Sequence diagram for accounting for revenue, expenses and determining the business results of the entire enterprise
1.4. Organizing accounting books for revenue, expenses and determining business results in the enterprise:
* Basic characteristics of general journal form:
All economic and financial transactions must be recorded in the journal, focusing on the General Journal, in chronological order and according to the economic content of the "accounting entries" of the subsequent transaction. Then, take the data from the General Journal to record each transaction.
* Main types of books
General journal, special journal
Ledger
Detailed accounting books and cards.
* General Journal accounting form:
Accounting documents
Detailed book TK511,632….
Special diary
General Journal
Ledger TK511,515,632,…
Detailed summary table
Balance sheet number
arise
FINANCIAL REPORT
Note : Record daily
Record weekly, monthly, or periodically Reconciliation
Diagram: Sequence diagram for recording revenue and expenses and determining business results in the form of General Journal accounting





