Home / Ninh Binh

Criteria for Assessing Sustainable Tourism Development of the Topic Economic Criteria




humanities

- Social evils related to tourism

- Current status of local historical and cultural relics

- Number of beggars/total local population

- Percentage of currency depreciation during peak tourist season

- The degree of commercialization of traditional cultural activities (festivals, funerals, weddings, customs, practices...) is determined through exchanges with

the experts

Maybe you are interested!

Criteria for Assessing Sustainable Tourism Development of the Topic Economic Criteria

Source Manning EW1996

2.3.2 Criteria for evaluating sustainable tourism development of the topic Economic criteria

Sustainable tourism development ensures continuous and long-term growth of tourism economic indicators (Tourist indicators, infrastructure indicators, tourism's contribution to local GRDP growth, investment activities in tourism, etc.) According to current assessment trends, it is usually less than 10 years. However, it depends on the development level of each country, each region, with plain areas and mountainous areas being different.

- Number of tourists : This is the most important criterion in assessing the sustainability of tourism development, the tourist index determines a series of subsequent indexes, in state management it is the increase or decrease of accompanying tools, for businesses it is the investment in tourism products, services, etc. Assess the development of domestic and international visitors based on the absolute number of visitors when coming to a region or a locality. The next indexes are the indexes of the number of guests staying, the number of visitors participating in tourism types, the number of returning visitors, products and services that tourists often use... Based on the sub-indexes, combined with other important indexes, there are adjustments to the objects of management work.

- Value of tourism contribution to local GRDP : The value of local gross product is an important indicator, through the continuous development of GRDP over a certain period of time. Tourism activities all have economic significance, all aim at the most important is the income of the tourism industry contributing to the locality and the country. The continuous growth of tourists of a locality


or a country, including the areas that tourists pay in that area including (food, transportation, entertainment, singing, etc.). In addition, there are many industries: Post office, health care, transportation, construction, insurance, agriculture, etc. The proportion of the tourism industry increasing steadily over a certain period of time is also one of the criteria for assessing economic sustainability.

- Tourism technical infrastructure system : Infrastructure can be very broad, including many areas involved in exploiting tourism resource potential, including roads, bridges, etc., only considered within the scope of the typical infrastructure system serving the tourism industry including (Accommodation facilities, restaurants, entertainment areas, means of transport, tourist areas, etc.). The increase in quality and quantity of technical infrastructure reflects the level of meeting the needs of tourists as well as ensuring sustainable development. To evaluate technical infrastructure, there are the following basic criteria:

+ Evaluation of investment in tourism technical infrastructure network: Quantity, quality, scale, modernity of equipment, etc.

+Economic efficiency assessment: This criterion is assessed on the capacity of use and the ability to recover capital from the use of that technical facility.

Good infrastructure system, high affordability of tourists, helping to increase revenue is one of the economic factors contributing to sustainable tourism development.

- Employment in the tourism industry: To evaluate tourism human resources, based on the number of tourists when traveling, how many direct and indirect jobs are created. For every 1 direct worker, there are 2.2 indirect workers, to evaluate the quantity and quality of labor, and the ability to meet the needs of tourists. [43].

- Level of local goods consumption: Evaluated through local consumption activities of trade and services annually. Based on total retail sales of goods, consumption activities of goods, food, fuel, etc. in the area, compared over the years.

Tourism service price index : Is the basis for evaluating local service prices, from which reasonable adjustments can be made to prevent bad phenomena and


Vietnam is currently facing fierce competition with regional countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Cambodia in promoting key products such as marine tourism, cultural tourism, and natural resource-based tourism. Normally, the tourism service price index is announced monthly/yearly.

*Environmental criteria

Exploiting environmental resources to meet current needs without affecting the future, a question arises: how many resources will the future need? With this goal, exploiting tourism resources must on the one hand promote the strengths of the resources, on the other hand, there must be activities in the work of preserving and embellishing the resources, the criteria to be evaluated include the following criteria:

- Number (ratio) of tourist areas and spots invested in conservation and restoration : Tourist areas and spots are the core of tourism development, in which tourism resources play a central role. The goal of sustainable development is to preserve and protect resources. During the exploitation process, the more diverse and unique the resources are, the more effective the exploitation will be. Therefore, the number of tourism resources is one of the important criteria to assess the sustainability of environmental resources. According to UNWTO, if the ratio of resources/total of the locality exceeds 50%, tourism activities are considered sustainable.

- Number (ratio) of planned tourist areas and destinations : Planning from a sustainable perspective is tourism development in which the exploitation of tourism resources (including natural and human resources) is concerned with conservation and restoration, ensuring current benefits and effective exploitation of the present and proposing solutions that bring economic efficiency, limiting the negative impacts of tourism activities in the present and the future. Thus, the number of planned/overall tourist destinations is a criterion for assessing the sustainability of tourist areas and regions.

- Density of local tourist attractions : Is the number of ranked relics within a certain scope, including national and local relics, based on the number of tourist attraction density, assessment of construction potential, planning, reasonable tourist routes, ability to maximize the efficiency of tourism resources and human resources.


- The level of contribution from tourism income to the conservation, development and protection of environmental resources : Revenue from tourism activities is deducted, depending on each locality, based on the total, the deduction level has its own regulations. From this source of revenue, the tourism industry contributes to the local income and the locality deducts from that source of revenue to maintain, restore and upgrade resources. The level of contribution to the protection and restoration of resources depends on the contribution ratio to the revenue. The higher this ratio, the higher the contribution, ensuring enough funding for sustainable conservation of resources.

- Level of degradation of tourist landscape: The level of pollution of the landscape depends on a number of factors, biodiversity loss of the tourist area, natural area, forest area, conservation area narrowing/increasing, the environment in the tourist area is guaranteed hygiene and food safety criteria, water sources, etc. Determined by the criteria: Very sustainable, tourist spots in the total number of tourist landscapes are destroyed, still retain cultural traditions, have protection measures, create unique attractions, exist for 10-50 years, quite sustainable 1-2 components are changed, high self-recovery ability, have good protection measures, exist for 10-30 years, average level 1-4 tourist landscapes are changed, destroyed with the help of humans, exist firmly for 10-30 years.

- The level of consumption of rare animal products: Diversity of rare animals helps the tourist landscape and ecosystem to form a vibrant and unique tourist area and cluster. Unsustainable tourism development narrows the habitat of flora and fauna, hunting rare animals to serve the needs of tourists. To determine the level of consumption of rare animals through the number of rare animals according to the Red Book of Vietnam, increasing and decreasing each year in the tourist area.

Social criteria

- The development of the small and medium enterprise system : Tourism development is part of the general development of the socio-economy. The development of tourism activities means solving the need for jobs, increasing income for local people, etc., attracting human resources, intelligence and financial resources of that locality. In addition, the small and medium enterprise system also shows the adaptability and dynamism of enterprises to changes in the market, the number of products and services provided on the market.


market, increasing the amount of goods. The number of businesses is one of the criteria for assessing sustainable tourism.

- The level of satisfaction and cooperation of the local community with tourism activities : It can be said that they are the owners of that place, with the factors of hospitality, customs, cultural exchange, behavior of tourists with local people, ... one of the cultural factors that make the tourism product unique. They are also greatly affected by sustainable development activities, so the level of satisfaction of local people is a criterion for evaluating tourism sustainability:

+ Community participation in planning and implementation in the area.

+ Participation and supervision of local communities in the implementation of local tourism projects.

+ Community participation in investing and developing tourism infrastructure and tourism products in the area.

- Level of safety and security in tourist areas and destinations : Loss of safety and security in tourism does not happen often, but its consequences are very serious. Insecurity in tourism can appear due to loss of confidence in the safety and attractiveness of tourist destinations. The perception of safety of tourists is an important factor, deciding the sustainable development and continued growth of the local tourism industry. Therefore, managing safety and security in tourism is to maintain trust and restore trust of tourists. Do not let unsafe situations affect tourism activities.

- The level of commercialization of local traditional culture : Traditional culture is the material and spiritual values ​​accumulated and preserved throughout the entire historical development process of those ethnic groups. In sustainable tourism development, traditional culture contributes to product diversity, giving tourists a multi-dimensional perspective on people and tourist destinations. The basis for determining the level of cultural commercialization is the market size, the level of tourism development does not exceed the threshold of changing traditional culture, reducing cultural values. That is, the number of cultural activities participating in tourism is determined on the basis of physical and social capacity.


- The emergence of epidemics and social evils related to tourism in the locality: Attractive tourist destinations usually have many types of visitors from many different regions, who can bring infectious diseases from their locality or the localities they pass through. The consequences of infectious diseases not only affect the tourism industry but also all other industries. In fact, dengue fever, H5N1, Zika virus, diphtheria, etc. destroy the tourism industry very quickly and recovery takes a long time and is costly. Therefore, the important requirement for sustainable tourism development is to avoid infectious disease incidents. Localities have effective disease prevention and isolation plans. In case an epidemic is detected, there is an immediate solution to prevent it from spreading widely.

Social evils: Number of social evils attracting tourists, drugs, prostitution, etc. at surveyed and evaluated tourist destinations.

Table 2.6 Thesis tourism sustainability assessment table



Economic criteria

Number of tourists

- Value of tourism contribution to local GRDP

- Technical infrastructure system for tourism

- Jobs in the tourism industry

- Level of local goods usage

-Tourism service price index


Environmental criteria

- Number (ratio) of tourist areas and spots invested in conservation and restoration

- Number (ratio) of planned tourist areas and spots

- Density of local tourist attractions

- The level of contribution from tourism income to conservation, development and protection of environmental resources

- The level of degradation of tourist landscape

- Level of consumption of rare animal products


Social criteria

- Development of small and medium enterprises system

- Level of satisfaction and cooperation of local communities with tourism activities

- Security level of tourist areas and spots

- The level of commercialization of local traditional culture

- The emergence of diseases and social evils related to tourism in the locality

General NCS


2.4 Experience in sustainable tourism development of some localities at home and abroad, lessons learned for Ninh Binh province

2.4.1 World experience

Experience of Bali Indonesia

Is a country located between Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia consists of

13,487 islands and with a population of about 237 million people, ranking fourth in the world in terms of population. Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the 16th largest in the world by nominal GDP and 15th by purchasing power parity. Bali is an island of Indonesia, a place where sustainable tourism development is considered successful. Before tourism development, this place was an underdeveloped area, both in terms of traditional culture. Thanks to macro and micro policies, the coordination of tourism service businesses, and local communities, this place has become a famous eco-tourism area. On the government side, sustainable opportunities and criteria for sustainable assessment have been identified. These are the opportunities:

Opportunities for: Cultural environment, natural environment, living environment and tourism promotion activities.

Sustainability assessment criteria: Ecosystem, efficiency, equity, cultural identity, community, balance and development.

For local authorities, providing guidance to businesses on planning tourist destinations, products, markets, etc., supporting businesses in terms of infrastructure, land, promotion policies, etc. Businesses, tourism businesses, and local community organizations have proactively developed planning content and plans for the tourist areas they manage based on unified criteria:

- Assess the richness of existing natural and human tourism resources.

- Indigenous traditional culture (combined cultural elements).

- Provide socio-economic benefits to help develop local community life during operation.

- Pollution threats when exploiting tourism resources.


- Investing in infrastructure linked to tourism planning areas.

The planning takes the criteria of harmony between nature and the environment combined with other industries, such as in construction, the green area accounts for 45% of the total area, tourist areas, hotels, resorts are at least 30m apart, etc. For management at a tourist destination, this place applies the establishment of management boards with the participation of the local community such as in Alas Kedaton - a tourist destination in Bali managed by DESA ADAT (village community). It can be seen that sustainable tourism development in Bali still has a lot to do to harmoniously develop economic, social, and environmental factors, and to develop sustainable tourism, the main task is the government in harmony with the local community, but to do this, it is necessary to bring real benefits to them.

Experience of Yunnan Province

Yunnan is a province of China with a mostly mountainous terrain (accounting for 80% of the area) known as the "kingdom of plants" with great ecological and tourism value. Therefore, Yunnan has many famous tourist destinations, including cultural ones such as Dali, Lijiang, Shilin, Yulongxue, etc. It is a province with a concentration of ethnic minorities such as Naxi, Thai, Lizu, Dulong, etc., creating many unique ethnic cultural features that attract the curiosity of tourists. With the potential and strengths of natural resources and awareness of socio-economic and environmental efficiency, the local government of Yunnan has identified four pillar economic sectors of Yunnan: Tobacco production, biological products, mining and tourism. Sustainable development of tourism with strict management of subjects using management tools and coordination between sectors and localities, mainly the following:

- Tourism development according to planning

- Developing sustainable tourism

- Tourism infrastructure is invested in accordance with the environment and requirements of tourism activities.

- Focus on environmental protection.

- Training tourism human resources to adapt to development requirements.

Comment


Agree Privacy Policy *