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Research on local sustainability index (LSI) in some communes of Hau Loc district - Thanh Hoa province - 2

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1. Values ​​of BS 22

Table 1.2. Shift in labor structure of Hau Loc district in 2010 - 2014 31

Table 1.3. Infrastructure of the education and training system of Hau Loc district 36

Table 1.4. Land changes in Hau Loc district in the period 2012 - 2014 38

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Table 2.1 . Weights for assessment indicators 43

Table 2.2. Classification of local sustainability levels according to LSI index 44

Research on local sustainability index (LSI) in some communes of Hau Loc district - Thanh Hoa province - 2

Table 3.1. Age structure of survey subjects 46

Table 3.2. Calculation of LSI index for 8 studied commune areas 53

Table 3.3. LSI index and sustainability level of 8 studied commune areas... 55 Table 3.4. Social welfare value - employees and ecological welfare of LSI index 57

Table 3.5. Determination of BS 57 scale value range

Table 3.6. Values ​​of criteria compared with LSI 60 index

Table 3.7. SWOT analysis for the study area 64

INTRODUCTION


1. Reason for choosing the topic

Development is a growth process that includes many different factors such as: economy, society, culture, education, health, etc. The goal of development is to improve human living conditions by developing production activities, improving social relations and improving the quality of life. However, with the progress of society, along with economic growth, environmental impacts are increasing and becoming a particularly hot issue. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection to achieve sustainable development.

Sustainable development assessment is a complex issue, sustainable development assessment criteria must be selected at the same time in 3 areas: ecology, economy and society. To select criteria, assessment indicators must also consider a number of related factors such as: assessment level, characteristics of natural conditions, economy - society of the area. Besides, the difficulties of sustainable development assessment are also in issues such as time, budget, conditions... affecting the assessment results, which can cause inaccuracy. Therefore, to overcome the above difficulties, quantifying sustainable development is very necessary, building assessment indicators not only helps sustainable development assessment become intuitive, clear but also simple and easy to apply.

Hau Loc District - Thanh Hoa is entering a new stage of socio-economic development with many diverse economic sectors: agricultural farm economy, industry - construction, small-scale industry, business - service - tourism... bringing many significant achievements. However, these forms of socio-economic development are giving rise to environmental problems.

directly affects the quality of community life. Therefore, assessing local sustainable development is of great significance in determining and orienting local development, thereby providing necessary solutions to achieve sustainable development goals.

Based on theories and practices, the thesis : "Research on local sustainable development index (LSI) for some communes in Hau Loc district, Thanh Hoa province" was conducted in the communes: Van Loc, Tien Loc, My Loc, Loc Son, Loc Tan, Hau Loc Town, Thinh Loc, Hoa Loc with the purpose of testing the application of local sustainable development index (LSI), assessing the current status of socio-economic development and environmental issues of some of the above localities, thereby proposing some solutions for sustainable socio-economic development combined with environmental protection and quality of life for the community.

2. Objectives, objects and scope of research

2.1. Research objectives

2.1.1. General objectives

- Research on local sustainable development index in commune-level research areas to recognize the current development status, detect imbalance issues, and make appropriate proposals to ensure development goals, environmental protection, and improvement of community quality of life.

2.1.2. Specific objectives.

- Assess the current status of natural, economic, social conditions and living environment of people in some communes of Thach Thanh District - Thanh Hoa Province.

- Research on the local community sustainability index LSI to quantify environmental indicators for the purpose of assessing sustainable development.

- Propose solutions to sustainably develop the economy, society and protect the environment of the region towards the goal of sustainable development.

2.2. Research subjects

- Survey object : find out the current situation:

+ Natural conditions: Geographical location, terrain conditions, climate, hydrology, land resources...

+ Economic conditions: Current status of economic sectors: agriculture, industry..., infrastructure development: transportation, irrigation, electricity, water...

+ Social conditions: population, education - training, health, culture - information, security, current land use status...

+ Clean water usage situation of households.

+ Environmental status of the research area

- Survey subjects : Households around the research area, local officials and leaders.

2.3. Scope of research

The topic focuses on selecting and researching a number of representative criteria for the locality in areas such as: natural conditions, economy, social ecology and humanity: economic conditions of residents, reproductive health, social security, culture, etc. These criteria are closely related to assessing the level of local sustainability.

Chapter 1:

OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM


1.1. Some concepts

1.1.1. Development and sustainable development.[6]

Development is an inevitable trend of human society and each country. Development is a growth process that includes many different elements: economy, society, culture, education, health, politics... In which, each element is an evolutionary process to transform an agricultural society dependent on nature into a modern industrial society, less dependent on nature.

Development is the process of improving human living conditions by developing activities that produce material wealth, improve social relations and enhance cultural quality.

For a long time, people set economic goals too high, considering economic growth as the only measure of development. However, the strong economic development, the rapid increase in the world's population in recent decades and their impacts on the earth's environment have led to the consideration and evaluation of the relationships: people - the earth, socio-economic development - environmental protection. Today, people know that the earth's resources are not endless, cannot be exploited or dominated at will, the ability to assimilate waste from the earth's environment is limited, so people need to live in harmony with nature, need to calculate the common interests of the community, of future generations and the environmental costs of development... The above requirements lead to the birth of a number of new human concepts of life "Sustainable development".

The concept of Sustainable Development was proposed by the World Commission on Environment and Development (Bruntland Commission) in 1987 as follows: "Current generations need to meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

of future generations to meet their needs” . The concept of sustainable development was supplemented and completed by scientists in the RIO – 92, RIO – 92+5 conferences, documents and publications of international organizations. Sustainable development is formed in the integration, integration and compromise of three major interactive systems of the world: the natural system, the economic system, and the social system.

1.1.2 Community, and community development. [7]

Community is generally understood as a group of people living in the same area or having common interests and concerns that are not defined by geographical limits. Individuals in the community build organizations and institutions to meet some common needs.

In the trend of conducting research, people consider community as a local unit of a social organization including individuals, families, institutions and other structures contributing to the daily life of a society, a group of people in a defined geographical area that can be transformed by the process of historical movement.


Party, local government (town)

town, commune, district, ward)

- Party Secretary

- Chairman of People's Committee

……

FAMILY

Family

VILLAGE

Ward, association


- Village Chief

- Village elders council

- Village rules, conventions

- Mediation team

Mass organizations (village, district, ward):

- Women's Association

- Farmers Association

- Veterans Association

- Youth Union

Figure 1.1. Village community and current management system

(Ngo Duc Thinh, 2003)

Individuals and organizations of the community have their own institutions with the purpose of serving the interests of the community, and the solidarity of individuals in the community is the combined driving force of internal and external factors to carry out those functions and purposes. To improve the quality of life of the community, people implement community development strategies.

According to the definition of the United Nations (1956): "Community Development is the process through which the efforts of the people are combined with the efforts of the government to improve the economic, social and cultural conditions of communities and help these communities integrate and contribute to national life". The purpose of community development is to aim for perfection in all areas of community progress.

1.1.3. Theory of community development – ​​sustainable community development:

a. Principles of community development.[6]

Community development strategies must be implemented over a long period of time based on the principle of social development, which is understood as a system that establishes universal and comprehensive community actions. The principle of social development is expressed in four basic principles:

1. Survival: This is the most basic principle meaning that the community must ensure its own life and existence.

2. Socio-economic form: Community development is based on the principle of socio-economic form to organize and establish social institutions to create changes in the structure and relationships of forces in society. It is a change in the awareness and behavior of the community for the purpose of development.

3. Cultural and civilized progress: For the community to develop well and sustainably, there must be cooperation from all social forces, organizations and social institutions combined with the development of science and technology participating in the process of Community Development.

4. Sustainable Development: Sustainable development community represents the relationship

Harmony between people, society and environment. On the one hand, community development meets material needs, on the other hand, environmental protection must ensure the community lives in a clean environment.

These four principles must be expressed in the aspects of relativity, diversity and sustainability, thereby serving as the basis for existence and development.

b. Goals of community development.[6]

There are four main goals in community development:

1. Community development aims to improve the quality of life of the community, with a balance of material and spiritual aspects, thereby creating social changes in the community.

2. Community development creates equality in the participation of all social groups in the community, including the most disadvantaged groups who have the right to express their aspirations and participate in development activities, thereby contributing to promoting social justice.

3. Community development strengthens institutions and organizations to facilitate social change and growth.

4. Community development with activities that attract maximum participation of people in the development process.

The two main issues of Community Development today are “capacity building” and “empowerment” . To achieve this, Community Development must always be an ongoing process. The ultimate goal of Community Development is to contribute to expanding, developing awareness and cooperative action in the community, developing the community’s self-management capacity.

c. Community development activities.[6]

Community development activities are expressed in many different forms of activities but have a common goal of quickly and appropriately handling difficulties and crises using internal strength and external resources.

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