Requirements of Civil Servant Management Institution in Vietnam in the Conditions of Development and International Integration

- Ensure the economic and usefulness of the institution.

- The effectiveness and efficiency of institutions.

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Benefits of A

Benefits of B

Figure 1.1. Pareto perfection curve

1.2.6. Requirements of civil servant management institutions in Vietnam in the conditions of development and international integration

The 8th and 9th National Congresses of the Party have set forth the central political task of our country's revolution today as: "continue to firmly grasp the two strategic tasks of building socialism and defending the Fatherland, promoting industrialization and modernization. The goal of industrialization and modernization is to build our country into an industrialized country with a modern material and technical foundation, a reasonable economic structure, progressive production relations, consistent with the development level of the productive forces, high material and spiritual life, strong national defense and security, a rich people, a strong country, a fair and civilized society" [25]. To successfully carry out that political task, our State must be organized and operated according to the principles of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam's rule of law state of the people, by the people and for the people. In which, the team of civil servants working in state agencies must be built to ensure that they meet current requirements. Any way of posing and solving problems related to personnel work in our country today that deviates from the Party's guidelines and the above political tasks will inevitably lead to abstraction and meaninglessness.

Looking back over the past years, our country has achieved many important achievements, including a fairly good economic growth - GDP increased by an average of 7% per year, new progress in culture, education and society, people's lives continued to improve; the political system continued to be innovated, especially in the field of Party rectification and institutional and administrative procedure reform. More than 10 years ago, after many efforts, especially after resolving the debt issue with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB), our foreign economic relations had a fundamental breakthrough. Joining the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), participating in the Free Trade Area (AFTA), the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), the Agreement with the European Union (EU) and the Vietnam-US Agreement were great successes, contributing to enhancing Vietnam's initiative in the integration process [3].

However, in the process of building and developing the country, we still have some weaknesses that the 10th Congress pointed out. Among those weaknesses, there are some issues that we need to pay attention to. That is, the economy is not developing firmly, effectively, and has low competitiveness. The growth rate is gradually slowing down. Labor productivity is still low, product quality is not good and prices are still high. Many products are stagnant, lacking consumption markets both domestically and internationally. The financial and banking systems are still weak and unhealthy...; some urgent and severe cultural and social issues have not been well resolved, especially issues related to employment, quality of education, training, health care for the poor, the environment, drug abuse, prostitution, AIDS, crime, complaint settlement...; policy mechanisms are still lacking and have not created strong motivation for development; corruption, moral degradation, poor capacity and professional qualifications among a number of civil servants... [27]

The causes of these weaknesses are mainly subjective, including: Firstly, the implementation of the Party and State's policies and guidelines is not good. Secondly, some viewpoints and policies are not clear at all levels and sectors, leading to inconsistent and delayed implementation. Thirdly, the reform of the State administrative system is slow and lacks determination. Fourthly, there are many shortcomings in the theoretical work and the organization of cadres.

The objective cause is that the market mechanism has created a series of new complex problems. It is the change in the concept of social values of people, the change in the lifestyle of all segments of the population (including the civil servants), in which the lifestyle of enjoyment, chasing money at any cost becomes a "big flow" in society, sometimes overwhelming the ideals that were forged in the long and arduous revolutionary struggles of the nation for a fair, civilized, and happy society for people. It is corruption, smuggling, bribery, extortion, and bribery of those in power in the State apparatus, causing the degeneration of the civil servants.

Our country is receiving great opportunities, but also facing great risks and challenges. The process of promoting industrialization and modernization in our country is the process of changing the economic, cultural and social state, the basic content of which is:

- The qualitative change in the productive forces has largely replaced manual labor with mechanized, electrified, and partly automated labor...

- Science, engineering and technology development has the ability to access and apply the latest achievements of science and new technology. Social sciences and humanities development creates a new spiritual appearance of the country and society, the intellectual level of the people is raised, the quality of human resources reaches a level equivalent to that in the region while still preserving the character and identity of Vietnamese culture and Vietnamese people.

- Forming a synthesis of production relations, ownership regimes, management mechanisms and distribution regimes that are reasonable and progressive, creating strong driving forces, promoting economic growth and implementing social justice among classes and strata of the population.

- The material and cultural life of the people has been improved and enhanced: relatively good housing, convenient transportation, education, medical treatment, fairly good cultural enjoyment; civilized lifestyle, happy family, healthy social relations. In the process of development and international integration, the role of civil servants is extremely important [16]. They are the ones who outline strategies to implement each of the above goals, and at the same time are the ones who organize and manage the process.

implement and set an example in implementing those goals. The management, construction and development of improving the quality of the civil servant team is therefore more important and urgent. It can be affirmed that it is impossible to develop the country and integrate successfully into the world with a team of low-quality civil servants, poor character and lacking management capacity. Therefore, when building and perfecting the institution of management of state administrative officials and civil servants in the conditions of development and international integration, the following requirements must be ensured:

1- Ensure that the state administrative civil servant management system is the institutionalization of the Party's guidelines and policies on personnel work, meeting the requirements of the market economy, consistent with the international integration process, and consistent with the general legal system of Vietnam.

2- It is necessary to build and scientifically organize the apparatus of agencies doing personnel work in accordance with the conditions of state administrative reform. At the same time, that institution must build a team of personnel workers with sufficient qualities, capacity and qualifications to carry out the management of the state administrative civil servant team as "self-management of the Government".

3- The institutional system for civil servant management, meaning that regulations, laws, regimes and policies must be fully and clearly established, especially the duties, responsibilities, obligations and rights of civil servants, reward and discipline regimes, inspection and examination regimes of civil servants in performing their duties, etc., thereby implementing the construction of a team of civil servants with sufficient qualities, capacities and qualifications to meet the requirements of the market economy, the requirements of administrative reform and international integration.

4- Must ensure and contribute to building and improving the quality of the state administrative civil service team in a professional and stable direction, in line with the development trend of the modern civil service, meeting the development of the economy, science and technology in the country and in the world.

1.2.7. The objective need to perfect the civil servant management system

In Vietnam

a) To meet the requirements of state administrative reform:

The state administrative system consists of the following components: One is the system of institutions for social management according to law; two is the organizational structure and operating mechanism.

of the administrative apparatus at all levels from the central to local levels; third is the administrative civil servant team including those who perform public duties in the public administrative apparatus; fourth is the state financial resources in the public administrative apparatus. The above factors have an organic relationship with each other. Among the factors constituting the state administrative system, the civil servant team is the most dynamic and important factor, the factor that determines the effectiveness and efficiency of the administrative system. Therefore, in the process of implementing state administrative reform, the building and improvement of the quality of the civil servant team must be given top priority and attention. However, the legal basis for good management of the civil servant team is the civil servant management institution with legal documents, ordinances and other legal documents. Therefore, the completion of the civil servant management institution system cannot stand outside the activities of state administrative reform.

On the other hand, state administrative reform is carried out in many stages with a certain roadmap. Each stage of state administrative reform has certain requirements for the civil servant team. Therefore, perfecting the civil servant management system is an objective necessity and must always be carried out to build and manage the civil servant team suitable for each stage.

Since its inception about 6000 years ago, the State has become an agency to govern society. In the process of state development, the social nature has gradually been transferred to the state apparatus. That has led to the state's governing function gradually concurrently concurrently constituting the management function. Up to now, when human society has developed to a certain level of civilization, the State has gradually shifted from the governing and management function to the service function.

Nowadays, in the trend of integration, openness, and democratization of all aspects of social life and the state; in the trend of building a socialist rule-of-law state of the people, by the people, and for the people, the state administrative apparatus must become social agencies, abandoning its "ruling position" to become institutions of management and service to society, to serve the people, only then will the nature of the state of the people, by the people, and for the people be true. That

It also means that the civil service does not exist for its own purposes, but for the benefit of the people and the community. And the people are the ones who nurture this team through paying taxes to the state budget. From this perspective, the people are the customers of the civil service and the state administration.

Therefore, in this transformation trend, perfecting the civil servant management system is an objective necessity to ensure the building of a civil servant team that meets the requirements of a service-oriented administration.

b) Serving the development of a socialist-oriented market economy:

From the perspective of management science, the most basic and important management object of state management is socio-economic processes. When socio-economic processes have changes, they require changes in management. In a centrally planned economy, there exists a harmony between economic components and forms of ownership. In which state ownership and collective ownership play a dominant role, private ownership of means of production is not recognized. With that existence, the activities of state administrative management agencies are aimed at directly regulating economic activities and distributing social products. Administrators command all economic activities, directly giving orders to producers: what to produce? What quantity and price? Where to get raw materials? ....This mechanism has created a team of bureaucratic civil servants, far from reality, suffering from administrative paperwork and orders. In their position as servants and facilitators for businesses to operate, they themselves have become the ones directly distributing social resources. Administrators have become the ones who distribute social resources and the "ask for and give" mechanism has also been formed from there. The plans outlined are not entirely based on practical needs and social development, but often only on the subjective thoughts and decisions of administrators. That mechanism has turned the state into a patron for the team of civil servants. Legally, they do not have privileges or benefits compared to other social workers, but they are the ones who enjoy the benefits granted by the state (which they themselves advised) through the regime and policies for civil servants.

The socialist-oriented market economy is a multi-sector, multi-ownership economy. In a market economy, the laws of value, supply and demand and competition become increasingly fierce. People will produce what the market needs and buy what they need from others. It is the market mechanism that has created social equality in the labor of all members of society. Therefore, civil servants no longer have special privileges compared to other workers. The labor of civil servants must depend on the total social product created by society, according to the "floating water, floating duckweed" mechanism. Therefore, civil servants must find every way to provide better and better services to the people. This leads to the application of the spirit of private enterprise management in state agencies to ensure the output efficiency of public service activities performed by civil servants. Administrative agencies and the state in general are gradually losing their governing and managing nature in economic and social activities. The state remains a servant, a provider of public services, creating all favorable conditions for economic activities and other activities of the people, as long as those activities have social significance. Because of these requirements, perfecting the civil servant management system to build a team of civil servants is an objective necessity. This team must meet the goal of serving the development of a socialist-oriented market economy.

c) Meeting the requirements of international integration:

Currently, Vietnam has just joined the World Trade Organization, this is an opportunity but also a challenge for our whole nation. In order for the integration process into the world economy to bring the most effective results to the Vietnamese economy, the role of the state administration is very important. In addition, it is necessary to continue to perfect the socialist-oriented market economy institution to create a favorable business environment; simplify administrative procedures, publicize administrative procedures, clearly define the work handling process, authority and responsibility for handling work and in the performance of public duties of civil servants.... then perfecting the institution of civil servant management with a breakthrough and revolutionary nature is a task that cannot be taken lightly - because people are always the decisive factor. Thereby, it contributes significantly to building a team of civil servants that meets and is suitable for the requirements of international integration.

In addition, the civil service team is the main content of the public service system. In the integration process, cooperation and coordination in public service activities between Vietnam and other countries in the world is an objective necessity. Therefore, the contents related to the construction of the civil service and public service system always need to be innovated and improved to suit the general development trend of the world in administrative reform, civil service and public service reform.

1.3. Experience in building civil servant management institutions in some countries around the world

1.3.1. In the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries , civil servants are considered a part of the common labor force. Therefore, in these countries, Labor and guidance documents are often used as the basis for managing civil servants. In these countries, the political system takes the Party as the core of leadership, power is highly centralized, and the Party and the government are unified. The Party, through the Government agency, uses the method of administrative command, practicing unified leadership from top to bottom. To adapt to that regime, a highly centralized cadre management system has been built, the basic feature of which is that the Party sets out the guidelines, principles and policies for cadres; at the same time, from the Central to the local level, the Party organization is responsible for decentralizing, training and selecting cadres for state administrative agencies, conducting inspections, urging, supervising and evaluating. Therefore, the civil service system of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (formerly) is within the cadre system of the one-party leadership regime. The biggest advantage of this institutional system and management method is the unification of the mobilization of cadres and civil servants and through that, the mobilization of human resources throughout the country, which is beneficial for overcoming difficulties and achieving defined goals, especially in socio-political matters in abnormal conditions. However, this institutional system shows the following limitations: The Party and the State are not clearly distinguished, the Party replaces the State, making the regulations on civil servant management in the state administrative system unable to independently promote the necessary management function. In the long term, it is disadvantageous for the development of the state administrative apparatus; the State's civil servant management system is identical with the Party's cadre management system, leading to the emergence of phenomena such as only recruiting relatives and cliques, forming authoritarian, patriarchal and bureaucratic individuals, hindering the use of human resources.

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