the development of socialism in the early years of the 21st century and strengthen the belief in the path to socialism that our Party and people have chosen.
The above documents are of great value in helping to raise awareness and provide information and arguments for the process of writing this thesis.
1.1.3 On anti -socialist documents , denying the path to socialism
“The Grand Chessboard” by Zbigniew Brzezinski, translated and published by the National Political Publishing House in 1999, analyzed the world situation in the post-Soviet era, analyzed the geopolitical distribution of the world, especially in the Europe-Asia region, thereby promoting the leadership role of the United States. The book predicted possible scenarios and determined the “chess moves” on the grand chessboard of international politics, determined not to let any opponent in the world appear capable of challenging the hegemonic role of the United States. In fact, this is also the intention to prevent the development of real socialism in the world today.
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“Mao Zedong’s Thousand Years of Merits and Crimes” by Tan Tu Lang, published by Thu Tac Phuong Publishing House in Hong Kong in 2007 and translated into Vietnamese by Vietnam News Agency, the book clearly pointed out: the economic, political and social situation of China under Mao Zedong; assessed Mao Zedong’s contributions and mistakes to China. Notably, through mentioning the Swedish model, the author praised the achievements of democratic socialism, and argued that this was the appropriate path for socialism in China. This is an indirect argument that denies China’s current path to socialism.
Right from the early 90s of the 20th century, when the world socialist system collapsed after the collapse of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, it led to confusion and hesitation among many communist party members, some of whom raised the demand for political pluralism. In “ What is real socialism ?” written on December 13, 1989 [75], we found it again and found it still posted online, the author
The demand for expanding democracy by reforming Vietnamese politics towards pluralism in parallel with economic reform. This view has been criticized.
Through the article "Hand in hand under the signpost of intelligence" [86], the author believes that putting the working class in the position of the leading class of society is an ethical act, not a legal one, and must be left to the intellectuals - a force with a higher level of intelligence - to lead society .
In the article “Farewell to ideology” [87] the author distorts that: communism
Marxism-Leninism is a bible, a type of feudal ideology, outdated because that ideology is only suitable for the struggle for national self-determination, but when building the country, that ideology must be abandoned and the party leading the construction of a new society must follow the trend of pluralistic democracy and "return to a party with a national and democratic character" [87- p. 103]
There are articles that focus on criticizing the path to socialism in Vietnam by denying the contents of the socialist market economy, the socialist rule of law state and arguing that: in the world there is only a market economy, not a socialist-oriented market economy, in progressive countries there is only the concept of a rule of law state, not a socialist rule of law state... [76]
In the article “The Consequences of Marxism-Leninism on Humanity” [77], the author distorted that Marxism - Leninism is a doctrine of violence, contempt for intelligence and authoritarianism: “Marxism - Leninism considers class struggle as the driving force of society, that is why communists fought class struggle like crazy, insane people” [77 - p.01]. They said that “that doctrine is a doctrine of war, murder and inhuman cruelty” [77-p.03]…
Some people distort that: Marxism-Leninism is a chosen ideology and only promotes its value for the goal of gaining independence and opposing colonial domination, "it contains many positive things in both motivation and method" .
"The method of struggle" [78 - p.02] but in building the country that ideology is not suitable: "Life has proven quite fully that Marxism-Leninism belongs to the past, not to the present, and even less to the future" [78-p.02]. They advise to abandon communist ideology to completely transform oneself into a Party of the nation and accept multi-party, that: "Reforming the Party, abandoning communist ideology will be a miracle to level the barrier" [80-p. 27].
On the eve of the 10th Congress, our Party published the draft document to collect comments.
widely contributed opinions in society; besides opinions agreeing and supporting the goal and path to socialism, there are also articles suggesting to review this goal, and arguing that changing the goal would be a good solution for the Party. The article stated: “During the two Party Congresses (IV and V), we followed Lenin's thesis on the transitional period... the result was the Party's failure in leading the country's construction from 1975 to 1985. The Party 's innovative actions were completely different from Lenin's doctrine on the transitional period... the result: The country developed, the people became rich" [79 - p.02]. From there, the question was raised: "If only our Party announced to all the people that... Should we continue on the path of socialism? Surely that would be like a "rejuvenating medicine for our Party" [79- p.04].
There is a view that Marx 's view of class struggle as the driving force for social development is no longer appropriate: " Marx affirmed that class conflict and class struggle are the driving force for social development, promoting the movement of history... In reality today, the gap between rich and poor between employers and workers still exists, but the relationship between employers and workers is not as tense as in the past... In some countries , among workers, there are some people who have become rich, have cars, have houses, have money to buy a lot of stocks, and become shareholders " [ 81- p.03]
The author believes that: “social goals, life content… are the real choices of progressive humanity. From there, the author of the article concludes: “a new theory is needed for Vietnam to develop, no matter what the name of society is, just
"Achieving the goal of a rich and powerful life is good and must follow the mechanism of separation of powers" [81- p.04].
Some people attack us for following Marxism-Leninism: "No one reads and understands Marx and Engels like the Germans, no one reads and understands Lenin like the Russians, why did those countries abandon their ideology without any regret, while Vietnam did not build its country according to its own nationalism but instead pursued communist ideology" [82]
Thus, there have been many documents including articles, books... on the topic of anti-socialism that have appeared in recent decades. In general, they focus on four contents: denying the ideological foundation of the Communist Party of Vietnam; denying the historical mission of the working class associated with rejecting the leadership role of the Party; denying the socialist market economy; denying the socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law state.
1. 2. Issues that need further clarification.
Currently, in reality, there are many models and paths to build socialism, reflecting different concepts and paths - methods of construction in many countries. The remarkable point is that all of them are not really perfect. Perhaps, this imperfection is also a basis for hostile forces to rely on to distort, deny... Therefore, the perception of the path to socialism still needs to continue to be perfected through research, summarizing the practice of building socialism and through the struggle on the theoretical and ideological level.
Identifying the nature, goals, tricks, subjects... of the viewpoints that deny the path to socialism in Vietnam is a very necessary and regular task. More deeply, in the context of the current world, the ideological and theoretical class struggle is emerging as the most direct, fierce and regular front. Through this struggle, we can sharpen our fighting spirit, perceive more clearly the goals and the chosen path , affirm our rightness, and contribute to building a united and democratic society.
social harmony and, as the Resolution of the 11th Central Committee, Session 4, affirmed: "resolutely prevent and repel the degradation of political ideology, morality, and lifestyle of a significant number of Party members and cadres." [42 - p.26].
1.3. Some issues that the thesis will focus on researching
Firstly, it points out the scientific basis of the path to socialism in Vietnam and the significance of the awareness of this issue. We recognize that the path to socialism has a scientific basis from clearly recognizing the inevitable law of historical development. Marxism-Leninism is the correct doctrine on the development of mankind. That law of development has been affirmed in the theory of socio-economic forms, the world historical mission of the working class and many other scientific achievements in Marxism-Leninism. The path to socialism in Vietnam has also been pointed out by Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam and gradually clarified in the practice of the Vietnamese revolution, especially from the recent practice of renovation. The achievements of innovation in theoretical thinking on socialism in Vietnam have helped us to perceive more and more clearly the fundamental issues of the path to socialism in Vietnam... In our opinion, these are the scientific bases for us to criticize the current hostile and erroneous viewpoints.
Second, identify and systematize the viewpoints that deny the path to socialism in Vietnam. In reality, the ideological class struggle has been taking place in many forms and forms. The ideological enemy is quite vicious and will not hesitate to use any means to distort, falsify, and defame, using any means and at any time... Recently, we have also intensified the struggle on this front, but we need to achieve better results. Accordingly, to win this "war without gunfire", the weapon of criticism needs to be sharpened. Point out the systematic nature, stubborn nature, vicious tricks, the connection of reactionary forces, and the mutual impact of "peaceful evolution".
and the phenomenon of "self-evolution" in the struggle against hostile forces that are denying the path to socialism in Vietnam today is a necessary task.
Third, propose solutions to contribute to improving the effectiveness of the struggle to criticize viewpoints that deny the path to socialism in Vietnam, to increase the combativeness and effectiveness in defending our right and to help strengthen the strength of political and ideological unity within the entire Party and people.
Chapter 2
THE ROAD TO SOCIALISM IN VIETNAM AND IDENTIFYING VIEWS THAT DENIAL THAT ROAD
2.1. On the path to socialism in Vietnam
2.1.1. Theoretical basis of the path to socialism
In the work The German Ideology, the classics of Marxism believe : “For us, communism is not a state of affairs to be created, not an ideal to which reality must conform. We call communism a real movement which abolishes the present state of affairs. The conditions of this movement are born of the premises which exist now.” [13- p.51] and in Volume I - Capital Marx wrote: “the development of socio-economic formations is a natural historical process.” [22 - p. 21]
According to Marxism, moving towards socialism and communism is an inevitable development trend of mankind, determined by economic and socio-political causes, prepared by objective and subjective conditions within capitalist society. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx wrote: “In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, there will appear an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.” [14- p.628]
According to the classics, the socialist revolution process is carried out in two steps:
The first step is to seize power, “the proletariat becomes the ruling class”. Gaining ruling power and maintaining leadership is a prerequisite for the working class, through the leadership of the Communist Party, to carry out the socialist revolution.
The second step: the proletariat will use its rule to gradually seize all capital from the bourgeoisie, to concentrate all instruments of production in the hands of the state, that is, in the hands of the proletariat organized into the ruling class, and to rapidly increase the number of productive forces.” [14- p.626]. In other words, that revolution consists of two periods, one is to establish the socialist regime, and the other is to use the dictatorship of the proletariat to transform all aspects of the old society to build a new society - a communist society.
In addition to determining the seizure of power and democracy, Marxist classics also pointed out the contents that need to be implemented in the process of building socialism, which are:
Firstly, to advance to socialism, one must go through a period of revolutionary transformation, which is the transitional period. In his work Critique of the Goth Programme , C. Marx wrote: “Between capitalist and communist society lies a period of revolutionary transformation from one society to the other. Corresponding to this period is the period of political transition, and the state of this period cannot be anything other than the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat.” [19 - p.47]
In his work The Principles of Communism , F. Engels affirmed the necessity of going through a transitional period when answering the question: Is it possible to abolish private ownership immediately?:
No, it is impossible, just as it is impossible to increase the existing productive forces at once to the level necessary for the establishment of a communal economy. Therefore the revolution of the proletariat, which shows all the signs of its imminent outbreak, will be able to transform present-day society only gradually, and only when the mass of means of production necessary for this transformation has been created will it be possible to abolish private property. [14- p. 496]
Agreeing with C. Marx and F. Engels, in the article Welcome to the Hungarian workers, Lenin wrote: