The above shipment is also the legal basis for resolving disputes and complaints of related parties. The types of documents created in this process are Bill of Lading, Cargo List, Packing List...
1.2.5. Notice
After the goods are loaded onto the means of transport, the seller must specifically notify the buyer about the schedule and status of the goods, and provide documents of the shipment such as: Invoice, Packing List, Detail Packing List, B/L, C/O, Insurance Document... These notifications can be communicated via email or fax... to let the buyer know the information and status of the goods to encourage them to pay for the order. The seller notifies the buyer about the delivery and purchases insurance for the goods, if necessary. If there are any changes in delivery delays or schedule changes, the buyer must be notified in writing.
1.3. Port of entry (Seaport, airport, station)
Upon receiving notice that the goods are about to arrive at the port, the request to receive the goods must be quick, the accounting must be accurate, the documents must be made promptly, completely and validly with the relevant parties. The import delivery steps include the following steps:
- Check payment or opening L/C
- Grasp information about goods and means of transport, about customs procedures for related items
- Receive documents such as: Notice of Arrival, B/L and other documents about the goods.
After receiving the notice of arrival of goods from the carrier, agent, the shipper brings the original B/L and the agency's letter of introduction to the carrier to get the delivery order. The shipper brings the fee payment receipt, 3 copies of D/O and a set of documents for receiving goods to the port and customs supervision to confirm the delivery order and detailed arrangement list of goods.
The staff goes directly to the yard or warehouse to find the location of the goods. After receiving the D/O confirmation from the shipping company, the staff presents it and clearly states the method of receiving the goods to the logistics department to make a warehouse release note. After paying the relevant fees, prepare to receive the goods. Carry out customs procedures, including opening a customs dossier, declaring import tax, registering the declaration, registering for goods inspection,
Check the amount of tax payable and pay related fees (warehousing fees, goods handling, loading and unloading fees, etc.)
1.3.1. Unloading goods at the port.
After completing the above procedures, the owner proceeds to receive the goods from the warehouse or container yard. During the process of receiving the goods, there is supervision by the Customs Supervisor and the representative of the carrier. If any damage or loss is discovered, a record must be made for the relevant parties to sign and an appraisal agency must be invited to determine the loss. The goods can be received in the entire sealed container or in separate shipments. The goods are unloaded by cranes, forklifts and loaded onto vehicles to be transported to the container yard or warehouse.
1.3.2. Counting
During the unloading process, the ship representative and the company staff will count and classify the goods as well as check the condition of the goods in the goods classification list. The goods will be loaded onto the car to be transported to the warehouse according to the shipping note clearly stating the quantity, type of goods, B/L number, Container number, lead number, invoice number, etc. After the unloading and loading process is completed, there must be a settlement report between the parties to determine the actual quantity of goods delivered compared to the receipt documents such as B/L, detailed list of goods. Prepare a settlement report with the carrier based on the inspection. The port, the representative of the transport vehicle owner, and the cargo owner must sign and confirm the actual quantity of goods delivered. Prepare necessary documents during the delivery process if the goods are damaged or request a certificate of shortage if the carrier delivers less.
1.3.3. Import customs procedures.
After having all the necessary documents, you can proceed with customs procedures for imported goods. Prepare customs documents, the customs documents include: Import customs declaration, receipt of documents, introduction letter from the agency, business license, bill of lading, delivery telegram, delivery order, certificate of origin, quality certificate, commercial invoice, detailed list, contract...
- Declare and calculate import tax, the owner of the goods declares and applies the tax code himself.
- Registering the declaration: Customs receives the documents, checks the documents and confirms and transfers them to the customs team leader to re-collect the declaration if the declaration is correct, then the tax department will check, enter it into the books, computer and issue a tax notice and the documents will be transferred to the inspection department.
- Registration for goods inspection: Customs conducts physical inspection of goods at warehouses and yards, and inspects goods according to the detailed list declared by the owner in the documents.
- Tax inspection: After checking the goods, the file will be transferred to the tax monitoring and collection department to check the application of tax codes, applicable tax types, tax prices, tax exchange rates, etc. After completing the tax inspection, the customs leader will sign and stamp "Customs procedures completed".
- Receive tax notices, pay taxes and customs fees
1.3.4. Loading and unloading goods onto means of transport.
Goods are loaded and unloaded onto the means of transport to the warehouse of the owner of the goods. The loading and unloading onto the means of transport must have the carrier's representative confirm the quantity after receiving it from the carrier and Customs. The goods are loaded and unloaded onto the means of transport by port workers or the carrier's employees. Goods can be loaded onto different means of transport depending on the transport route or type of goods. During the transportation of goods, if possible, there is the owner of the goods escorting the goods or a representative of the carrier. When the goods are loaded onto the means of transport, the quantity of the goods is sealed and sealed with lead.
1.4. Buyer's warehouse
1.4.1. Unloading
The goods are transported to the buyer's warehouse in their original packaging, with the seal on the goods still intact and with the warehouse's delivery note at the port. The buyer receives the goods through the shipment's invoices and documents. The receipt of goods must have representatives of all parties confirming the actual condition of the shipment in writing. If there is any loss or damage, the buyer has the right to make a complaint to the carrier in specific documents. The loading and unloading of goods must be correct and timely.
1.4.2. Counting
Goods are counted based on the quantity listed on the detailed list of the shipment, the buyer checks and classifies the goods according to the product code and type listed on the product packaging, and also checks the quality of the product inside. The delivery and receipt minutes between the two parties are specifically recorded in writing and signed by the relevant parties. If there is any loss, the parties will also determine and investigate the responsibility of the relevant party to compensate for the loss in a reasonable manner and in accordance with the provisions of international law.
1.4.3. Installation
Goods are loaded and unloaded at the buyer's warehouse in accordance with the actual import of the shipment. The Company installs and arranges the goods according to the technical regulations of the above shipment. Equipment installation must have technical instructions or be guided by experts. Some goods are delivered to locations specified by the buyer, and the installation has been instructed by the buyer or the carrier.
Supplier warehouse * Packaging * Loading goods onto domestic transport vehicles Delivery | |||
Domestic transport | |||
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Port of Entry: Portsea, airport, housestation * Unloading at the port * Counting * Import customs procedures * Loading goods onto transport vehicles Delivery | |||
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Domestic transport | |||
Diagram of stages in the delivery and transportation process in Global Logistics
Port of departure: Portsea, airport, housestation * Customs procedures * Loading goods at the port * Loading goods onto foreign trade vehicles Delivery | ||
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Human warehousebuy: * Unloading * Counting * ... * Installation | |
Delivery | |
2. Integration and chaining of Logistics elements in the transportation and delivery process
2.1. Logistics chain of transportation delivery process.
Import and export freight forwarding business includes many steps, each step has its own requirements and business content. However, the business process steps have an organic relationship with each other. In order for the import and export freight forwarding business to achieve the best results, it is necessary to master all related business stages, especially to chain the above stages into a closed and perfect cycle. The combination of that chain is thanks to a very important factor: information. Information is connected from the first stage to the end of the process as well as the beginning of a new cycle. In the above business process, the stages are linked by the factors of transportation, marketing, distribution, administration, etc.
2.1.1. Combination of transport modes
In the transportation process, the stages are linked together in many different ways, one stage follows the next stage in a process. Therefore, the interruption of a stage will interrupt the whole process, causing great damage. Goods are transported by different means of transport, through different locations, to ensure the transportation process is continuous, it requires the arrangement and combination of reasonable means of transport through locations to save time and costs, not interrupting the journey of goods from production to finished products in the hands of consumers and must answer the following questions:
How to move resources from point A to point B, by sea, air, road, rail, river or multimodal?
When does shipping start and how long does it take? Which shipping route to choose and who to choose to ship?
What types of goods need to be transported synchronously? What is the optimal volume?
Among the factors that link the stages together, transportation plays a key role throughout the process. At each stage, freight forwarding companies use different modes of transportation. The participation of different modes of transportation throughout the process of transporting goods has created relationships and mutual impacts between them, especially at transport hubs (stations, ports, etc.) where goods are transported.
Goods are transferred from one mode of transport to another. The coordination between modes of transport solves the problems of transporting goods at the transport hubs between modes of transport and meets the urgent requirements of the shipper and the consignee. The formation and development of multimodal transport is an inevitable objective result of the progress of science, technology and technology in transport, the impact of international trade and the revolution in information technology in the world. In the transport and delivery process, the role of transport modes is the core, throughout and connecting the transport cycles. Forms of multimodal transport:
- Sea / Air transport model
This model is a combination of the economic nature of sea transport and the superiority of air transport speed, this model is applied to transport high-value goods and highly seasonal items. The benefits of this model are guaranteed to be seasonality, value of goods, reduced transportation time and high mobility. However, it also requires a developed infrastructure.
- Automobile transport model - Air transport.
This model is used to combine the advantages of flexibility and mobility of automobile transport and the advantages of speed of air transport. People concentrate goods sources at airports or distribute from airports to the final delivery point deep inland. Automobile transport carried out at the first and last airports are secondary transport stages.
- Railway transport model - road transport.
This is a combination of the safety, long-distance transport and high speed of rail transport with the mobility and flexibility of road transport.
- Model of railway - road - inland waterway - sea transport.
This is a fairly common transportation model for transporting import and export goods. Goods are transported by rail, road or inland waterway to the seaport of the importing country. From these seaports, goods are transported to the recipient deep inland by road.
rail or inland waterway. This model is suitable for goods transported by container.
- Continental bridge model:
Goods at both ends are transported by sea. Railways act as a “land bridge” connecting seaports in two seas or two oceans. This model has significantly reduced transportation time due to the shortened transportation distance.
The combination of transport modes has brought great efficiency and benefits. In the basic elements of Logistics, transportation is the most important step, often accounting for 1/3 of Logistics costs, so to reduce costs, we must reduce transportation costs, in which the combination of transport modes has brought that benefit. Those benefits are:
* Creating a single point of contact: All matters related to the transportation of goods by multiple modes of transport together, including compensation for loss or damage to goods, are handled by multimodal transport.
* Increase delivery time: Reduce transportation and storage time.
* Reduce transportation costs: Due to the combination of transportation methods, transportation costs and time are greatly reduced.
* Simplify documents and procedures: Use a single document, the multimodal transport document.
* Multimodal transport creates better conditions for using transport tools, loading and unloading means and infrastructure.
2.1.2. Combination of Marketing methods
It can be said that the transportation factor is the most important factor in the Logistics factors, the Marketing factor also plays a very important role in the transportation and delivery process. Marketing effectively supports Logistics activities, especially the Marketing mix (4P: Right Product, Right Price, Right Promotion, Right Place), Marketing itself plays a key role in bringing products to the right place and at the right time and creating added services. The goal of the Marketing factor is to provide goods and services to customers at a total cost
smallest in the shortest time. First of all, it is necessary to clearly state what the products of the Logistics company are? The company provides transportation and delivery services, so that everyone knows the functions and roles of companies specializing in providing transportation and delivery services, thereby developing the company's reputation in the market. In a fiercely competitive business environment, which company creates strengths will gain market share for that service, Marketing will solve that problem, companies need to establish a separate Marketing strategy for their company, identify customer targets, choose a customer approach method, choose the market to provide, the services that the company needs to perform, competitors in the industry, and industry trends in the coming time. Companies must invest to diversify service types, provide the best service to customers, perform value-added services such as: establishing and implementing separate production processes according to each customer's requirements, supplier management, quality control, packaging, consulting, performing special services for different industries. In the above process, the connection between stages is very necessary, the Marketing factor is present from the beginning of the process until the end, and the results are increased company sales, increased reputation in the market, increased market share of the industry. Because the process is different stages, the Marketing factor also shows different situations. For example, in the first stage of the process, the company gradually researches and classifies the types of customers to bring products and services to customers. In this stage, customers are searched for by many different methods such as: posting news, advertising, letters of introduction, sales offers, etc. After reaching those customers, the next step is to maintain old customers and develop new customers. The company must diversify its service types to create value-added products for customers. Providing services to customers according to the criteria of TNT company "To day not tomorrow" ensures that goods arrive at the right place and on time in the best conditions. In addition, the company must establish distribution channels to maximize the amount of goods sold at a reasonable level as well as after-sales services; establish agents in the company's network, apply information systems as well as apply technology.