- Second, most farm owners do not have enough money to meet the loan conditions of banks, so they have difficulty mobilizing capital from this source.
The small loan ratio reflects the weak ability to mobilize capital for investment in agricultural production, and also shows the limited ability to get rich of a large number of farmers. If the farm economy can only be done by those who have money in hand, there will be two consequences: One is to cause capital stagnation in agricultural banks, and two is not favorable conditions to quickly improve the living standards of the majority of poor farmers.
Table 8: Farm production capital in 2007
Unit: Million VND
Commune, Town
Total farm capital | Average Total Investment 1 farm | Farm Owner's Capital | Average capital master's army 1 farm | Bank Loan | Bank Loan Average 1 page camp | Other capital | |
TT Q Chu | 665 | 95 | 545 | 77.9 | 85 | 12.14 | 35 |
Phuc Luong | 225 | 45 | 190 | 38 | 10 | 2.00 | 25 |
Duc Luong | 160 | 160 | 120 | 120 | 20 | 20.00 | 20 |
Phu Cuong | 220 | 73.3 | 175 | 58.3 | 0.00 | 45 | |
Na Mao | 473 | 118.3 | 355 | 88.75 | 90 | 22.50 | 28 |
Phu Lac | 336 | 84 | 284 | 71 | 25 | 6.25 | 27 |
Tan Linh | 585 | 117 | 490 | 98 | 55 | 11.00 | 40 |
Phu Thinh | 135 | 135 | 120 | 120 | 10 | 10.00 | 5 |
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45 | 45 | 40 | 40 | 0.00 | 5 | ||
Foreign Version | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 0.00 | ||
Fairy Association | 405 | 81 | 295 | 59 | 70 | 14.00 | 40 |
Hung Son | 2850 | 259.1 | 2168 | 197.1 | 600 | 54.55 | 82 |
Cu Van | 210 | 210 | 150 | 150 | 25 | 25.00 | 35 |
La Bang | 176 | 88 | 133 | 66.5 | 30 | 15.00 | 13 |
Hoang Farming | 160 | 80 | 145 | 72.5 | 10 | 5.00 | 5 |
Khoi Ky | 134 | 44.7 | 100 | 33.3 | 20 | 6.67 | 14 |
Tan Thai | 610 | 87.1 | 525 | 75 | 80 | 11.43 | 5 |
Binh Thuan | 421 | 140.3 | 370 | 123.3 | 30 | 10.00 | 21 |
My Yen | 25 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 5 | 5.00 | 0 |
Longevity | 185 | 92.5 | 158 | 79 | 27 | 13.50 | 0 |
Van Yen | 462 | 231 | 450 | 225 | 12 | 6.00 | |
Sand | 315 | 45 | 250 | 50 | 59.14 | 8.45 | 5.86 |
Zhou Dynasty | 130 | 65 | 108 | 54 | 12 | 6.00 | 10 |
Total | 8965 | 102.58 | 7229 | 1954.65 | 1275.14 | 11.50 | 460.86 |
Source: Author's investigation December 2007.
2.3.1.1.3. Labor
According to statistics from the district's Statistics Office, the population of Dai Tu district is over 1.66 million people, accounting for 15.8% of the province's population. The district has over 80,000 workers of working age, of which 70% are rural workers.
Most farms use family labor as the main labor force, some also hire seasonal and regular laborers, wages are negotiable.
between the two sides. Seasonal wages usually range from 40 - 50,000 VND/day, and for regular workers, it is about 1,200,000 VND/month.
On average, each farm has about 5.1 workers, of which the farm owner has an average of 2.7 people/farm, and regular hired workers account for 33%. Communes with high rates are Hung Son (40.7%), Quan Chu Town (80%), Tan Thai (79%)... seasonal hired workers account for 32.99%, with an average of about 1.9 people per farm.
Table 9: Labor utilization situation of farms
Unit: Person
Commune, Town
Total number of workers participating in farm production | In there | Average labor / 1 farm | |||
Outsourcing | Farm owner's own labor | ||||
Regular labor | Seasonal labor | ||||
TT Q Chu | 40 | 5 | 14 | 21 | 5.7 |
Phuc Luong | 15 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 3 |
Duc Luong | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
Phu Cuong | 14 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 4.7 |
Na Mao | 12 | 4 | 8 | 3 | |
Phu Lac | 21 | 11 | 10 | 5.3 | |
Tan Linh | 20 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 4 |
Phu Thinh | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
Phu Xuyen | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
Foreign Version | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
Fairy Association
25 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 5 | |
Hung Son | 81 | 15 | 33 | 33 | 7.4 |
Cu Van | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
La Bang | 14 | 6 | 8 | 7 | |
Hoang Nong | 10 | 4 | 6 | 5 | |
Khoi Ky | 17 | 5 | 1 | 11 | 5.7 |
Tan Thai | 41 | 5 | 19 | 17 | 5.9 |
Binh Thuan | 15 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 5 |
My Yen | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||
Longevity | 10 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
Van Yen | 13 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 6.5 |
Sand | 28 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 4 |
Zhou Dynasty | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4.5 |
Total | 411 | 65 | 127 | 219 | 5.1 |
Source: Author's investigation December 2007
The level of labor in farms is generally low. The highest education level per person in Dai Tu district is 3.9 million, and in rural areas it is 3.8 (the highest in the country) 14 . However, it still does not meet the requirements of modern production and business. Apart from a few specialized workers doing jobs such as operating machinery and equipment, the majority are unskilled workers, untrained, only capable of undertaking simple tasks such as tilling the land, planting trees, raising livestock and poultry, etc.
14. 3-year evaluation report (2002-2004) of the implementation of the farm economic development program in Thai Nguyen province - December 2004.
Table 10: Origin of farm owners
Unit: Farm
Commune, Town
Total number of farms | Divide | |||||
Farmer | Officer incumbent, commune official | Retired workers and officials | Soldier, police return to local | Other | ||
TT Q Chu | 7 | 6 | 1 | |||
Phuc Luong | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
Duc Luong | 1 | 1 | ||||
Phu Cuong | 3 | 3 | ||||
Na Mao | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
Phu Lac | 4 | 3 | 1 | |||
Tan Linh | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||
Phu Thinh | 1 | 1 | ||||
Phu Xuyen | 1 | 1 | ||||
Foreign Version | 0 | |||||
Fairy Association | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Hung Son | 10 | 9 | 1 | |||
Cu Van | 1 | 1 | ||||
La Bang | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Hoang Nong | 1 | 1 | ||||
Khoi Ky | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Tan Thai | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Binh Thuan | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
My Yen | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
Longevity
2 | 2 | |||||
Van Yen | 2 | 2 | ||||
Sand | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | ||
Zhou Dynasty | 2 | 2 | ||||
Total | 80 | 54 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 |
Source: Author's investigation December 2007
Through Table 10, we see that farm owners come from 7 main sources, including: 54 farmers, 8 incumbent civil servants, 8 commune officials, 8 retired officials and workers, 7 soldiers and local police returning to their localities, and the remaining 3 are other groups.
Thus, the majority of farm owners come from the peasant class, have just emerged from the passivity of the subsidy mechanism in the old-style cooperatives and are initially taking control of the household economy, which is still a new thing, so they are still confused, still bearing the heavy imprint of the natural, self-sufficient economy, their business skills and mettle are still very inadequate in the face of the requirements of developing commodity production, placing themselves in the market mechanism, in many cases still not completely familiar with modern production and management methods. According to the survey, only 32.5% of farm owners have been trained from elementary level or higher, the number with intermediate level accounts for only 4.6%. Through the survey data, it is shown that the composition of farm owners has a great influence on the production and business results of the farm. Most of the farms whose owners are retired civil servants and commune-level officials have better farm management, the types of crops and livestock selected for production are more suitable to market demand, the rate of application of new science and technology is higher, so the farm income is constantly increasing, this farm is expanding more and more in scale. For farm owners who are farmers, most of the farms have large farm land areas, but mainly produce
Moderate production, low investment in production, farms are formed mainly due to meeting the area target, not meeting the output value target. Therefore, it can be said that human resources greatly affect farm production, low human resource level not only limits creativity but also affects the application of advanced production technology, improving farm production efficiency.
2.3.1.1.4. Technical technology:
Like the general situation of the entire agricultural sector, the level of science and technology of farms is still low, even very low compared to other countries in the world and in the region, which have completed mechanization, electrification, chemicalization... for a long time. Up to now, farm production, although more advanced than that of scattered households, is still heavily manual and unreasonable. Labor is mainly manual and still depends a lot on nature. The average rate of farms equipped with machinery for one hectare of sown
The planting rate is still very low, under 5cv/ha, the rate of mechanized land preparation is only 21% 15 ,
The level of mechanization in many stages such as sowing, harvesting, etc. is still limited. The work of preserving and harvesting products after harvest is mainly done by solar energy, lacking modern, large-scale drying systems.
However, there are also encouraging signs that science and technology have gradually played an important role in farm production. Most of the agricultural varieties on the farm are the results of scientific research projects, products of biotechnology... with high productivity, good quality, meeting market requirements, so the products sold on the market are not of high quality, often suffering disadvantages and being forced to lower prices.
15 Vietnam Industry Magazine May 2001.
In short, the farm economy of Dai Tu district in recent years has only made a strong impression in terms of its scale, while the use of resource factors (land, production capital, labor, science and technology) is not really reasonable and certain. In order to be considered a developed agriculture, the products produced meet market demand, in the coming time, farms and resource factors must be used more reasonably and effectively.
2.3.1.2. Organization of farm production activities.
2.3.1.2.1. Type of farm production and business organization:
On the basis of allocated land, own capital combined with family labor or hired labor, farm owners have chosen the direction of commodity production business on the basis of combining specialization with comprehensive development according to the motto of taking short-term to support long-term, comprehensively exploiting available potentials for economic development to soon put farms into production shape. In the investigated farms, the main direction of activities is agriculture, forestry and aquaculture with short-term crop production, perennial industrial crops, fruit trees. Livestock farms mainly raise large cattle, pigs, poultry, in forestry mainly grow raw materials forests, zoning, implementing agroforestry and in aquaculture mainly raise aquatic products in the field.
Of the 17 perennial crop farms, 17 grow tea trees. Tea trees are grown the most in Hung Son commune with 7 farms and Quan Chu town with 5 farms.
The group of livestock farms is gradually being formed more and more, among 23 livestock farms, there are 14 small livestock farms, mainly concentrated in Hung Son, Van Yen, and Na communes.