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Data Collection and Data Analysis


- Guarantee (mortgage, commitment) without clear reason.

- Transferring money to benefit other banks without any clear indication of the beneficiary.

- Unexpected repayment without any convincing explanation for this overdue loan.

- Sending checks in large amounts inconsistent with or information relating to that customer or related business.

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The research topic “Factors affecting money laundering: lesson for developing countries” by Santha Vaithilingam and Mahendhiran Nair of Monash University Malaysia. The study examines the relationship and spillover effects of five factors: technology, quality of human capital, efficiency of the legal framework, ethical behavior of firms-corporate governance, capacity for innovation between 88 developed and developing countries using the OLS method. The results of the study show that: Technological factors for bank payments such as Internet banking, digital money and smart cards have a negative impact on anti-money laundering. Because money launderers can exploit weaknesses in banking technology to carry out money laundering. In addition, the weak technological infrastructure of developing countries cannot be excluded. But for developed countries, where information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure is good, it has a positive impact on reducing the spread of money laundering. The quality of human capital has a positive impact on reducing money laundering. Two variables: the effectiveness of the legal framework and corporate governance both have a positive and widespread impact on money laundering. The difference in significance between the developed and developing countries is the spread of money laundering.

Conclusion: The results of the study show that effective legal framework with good corporate governance will reduce the spread of money laundering and a good innovation capacity will reduce the spread of money laundering. The study also shows that the significance level of the five research factors is lower in developing countries than in developed countries. The study also provides reliable estimates of the relationship between money laundering and the factors, which can help improve the effectiveness of policy making to combat money laundering in countries.

Data Collection and Data Analysis


2.5.2 Domestic studies

The research topic "System of solutions to prevent money laundering in Vietnam until 2020 " by MSc. Nguyen Van Ngoc, Director of the Department of Anti-Money Laundering, Banking Inspection and Supervision Agency - State Bank of Vietnam as the project manager also gave an overview of money laundering and the current status of anti-money laundering in Vietnam. Accordingly, the study has synthesized and presented a basic theoretical system on money laundering, international standards and legal documents on anti-money laundering. The study has also provided a relatively complete overview of the current status of anti-money laundering in the banking sector in Vietnam, especially the shortcomings, inadequacies and challenges in the field of anti-money laundering. The study proposed a system of comprehensive solutions to prevent money laundering in Vietnam until 2020, and made a number of specific and appropriate proposals and recommendations to the Government, the State Bank and a number of relevant authorities.

The research topic " Strengthening anti-money laundering through banking activities when Vietnam joins the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement" by Dr. Le Thanh Tam, Nguyen The Tung of the National Economics University published in the Economic Research Journal No. 6 (457) - June 2016 also pointed out the opportunities and challenges of Vietnam in implementing anti-money laundering in the context of Vietnam's increasingly deep integration into the international economy. The research also proposed solutions to increase the effectiveness of anti-money laundering such as: for commercial banks' activities, banks need to identify risks, signs of money laundering in each product and service, each business activity (transaction accounting activities, credit activities, foreign trade financing activities, card activities, international payment activities). Accordingly, the authors propose the following money laundering risk management model:



Internal audit department

Board of Directors

Risk Management Council


Level 3



Level 1

Direct trading department


Level 2

Board of Directors

Money Laundering Risk Management Committee

Money Laundering Risk Management Department at TSC

Money Laundering Risk Management Department at the branch

branch

Source: Le Thanh Tam, Nguyen The Tung (2016)

Figure 2.1: Three layers of money laundering control

Regarding technological solutions: the authors believe that the PCRT system needs to have two essential modules: Filtering: immediate prevention and Profiling for analysis. In Profiling, money laundering scenarios are entered into the system and the effectiveness of those scenarios is tested, all suspicious transactions are collected... As for Filtering, it is a warning process that helps support customer identification, customer information update, risk rating based on the risk matrix...

Research topic: “Anti-money laundering solutions at Vietnamese commercial banks” by Dr. Pham Manh Hung (2010) mentioned domestic and foreign legal documents related to anti-money laundering work, the experience of some countries in the world in building the Anti-money laundering Law. In addition, the author also analyzed and clarified some experiences of foreign banks such as MayBank, AffinBank Berhad (Malaysia). Accordingly, for anti-money laundering work to be effective, it is necessary to pay attention to reporting, handling suspicious transactions and identifying and updating customer information. Specifically, in the process


When dealing with customers, if there is suspicion that the transaction has signs of illegal activities, money laundering, or terrorist financing, it is necessary to promptly prepare a suspicious transaction report and send it to the PCRT department as soon as possible. Customer identification and customer information update work includes: verifying customer identity from various independent sources; identifying and verifying the ownership and control of the beneficiary; verifying the purpose and true nature of the business relationship; analyzing and checking the relationship and subsequent transactions... The customer information update procedure is usually carried out when a customer makes a transaction that exceeds the prescribed threshold, there is suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing, or there is suspicion of the accuracy or incompleteness of information provided by the customer.

Chapter 2 Conclusion

Chapter 2 has summarized the concepts, methods, and impacts of money laundering on the socio-economic activities of a country. In addition, studying the experiences of countries around the world will be the basis for proposing solutions to further improve the effectiveness of money laundering in Chapter 5.


CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter will focus on clarifying the following issues:

- Research object

- Research methods

- Factors related to the research problem

- Sampling and data collection methods

- Summary of research results

3.1 Research subjects

The banking system is always the target of money laundering criminals because once successfully transacted through the banking system, the illegal money leaves almost no trace. Choosing the research object as the prevention and combat of money laundering through the banking system is always an urgent requirement.

3.2 Research methods

The thesis uses a combination of research methods:

Statistical method: the author uses data from Kienlong Bank and the Anti-Money Laundering Department - State Bank of Vietnam to reflect Kienlongbank's compliance level with reporting and procedures as stipulated in documents of Kienlongbank and State Bank of Vietnam.

Qualitative method : the author uses case study method to investigate and interview people who are directly doing PCRT work at Kienlongbank as well as comments and assessments of this work from the perspective of the State management agency (represented by the State Bank Inspectorate of Kien Giang province). With this method, the collected data source is expected to accurately reflect the current situation of PCRT work at Kienlongbank.

3.3 Data collection and data analysis

Data collection : The thesis uses many different methods of data collection "triangulation" to carry out such as: focus group discussion method, in-depth interview (using semi-structured questionnaire), documentation method.

Regarding group discussion: the author conducted interviews and surveys to collect opinions from 52 traders, controllers, and Deputy Directors (in charge of accounting) - those who directly


direct contact with customers, by participating in answering 39 questions about knowledge and professional work of PCRT. The purpose is to find out whether this team really understands the regulations and to what extent they understand PCRT work.

For example, to find out whether bank employees (tellers) are aware of the regulations on money laundering, the author uses the open-ended question: “What is money laundering?” or “What is a suspicious transaction?”

In-depth interviews: focus on in-depth interviews with two subjects: the Chief Inspector of the State Bank of Kien Giang province (Kienlongbank is currently headquartered in Rach Gia city, Kien Giang province) and the staff working in anti-corruption at the bank's headquarters.

By using open-ended questions and a semi-structured questionnaire, the author can better understand the current situation and gain a general perspective on the current situation of Kienlongbank's PCRT.

During the data collection process, the author used a tape recorder and took notes of important points. Focused on observing body language, especially for difficult, sensitive questions.

Data analysis : this process is done in 4 steps:

Step 1: Type out the entire content of the interview. In this step, the author must listen to it over and over again to ensure the accuracy of the answers. Even the pauses, thoughts, and hesitations of the interviewee must be carefully noted down. During the typing process, the author leaves margins to take notes in step 2.

Step 2 : Read from beginning to end and re-read each transcript for each interview to ensure a clear understanding of the content of the answers. Also take notes of ideas, sentences, and phrases that the interviewee often mentions outside the margins of the typing process.

Step 3: While reading in step 2, note down the themes that each interview passage mentions in the side margin. Then list all the themes on a piece of paper, group them together and create categories.

Step 4 : Read and re-read the sentences and data paragraphs for each topic group to find their meaning, pointing out similarities and differences in the solutions.


preferences of different participants and explain the differences to arrive at a certain pattern. Refer back to previous studies as a basis for analysis and discussion.

In the process of data collection and analysis, Marshall and Rossman (1989) argued that data collection and data analysis should be a simultaneous process in qualitative research. Qualitative data analysis primarily entails the categorization of cases, people, events, and their characteristics. They seek to identify and describe patterns and themes from the perspective of the participant(s), and then attempt to understand and explain these patterns and themes. During data analysis, the data will be organized into groups of questions, reviewed several times. A list of ideas that emerge will be recorded. Audiotaped interviews and participant audio diaries will be transcribed verbatim. Field notes and diaries will be reviewed regularly.


3.4 Research process diagram



Research problem Research scope Research objectives


Theoretical basis

Previous studies



Building a survey questionnaire


Select research sample



Data Collection



Data analysis, results evaluation

interview and interpretation



Proposal, recommendation, solution.

Figure 3.1 Research diagram

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