successful but in the end the main character is still with the person he loves. When the novel Bodhisattva ended, although victory did not belong to the righteous party of Compassion, the main character, Bodhisattva, left in the reader's mind a feeling of admiration, in him there was a resemblance to Thach Sanh or the characters following the "hero" motif in the folk fairy tale world. Bodhisattva or Bach Hac were both extraordinary but they were also very ordinary with romantic love affairs, natural desires of creation. When the writer described the mood of Bodhi and Tu Lan, "Bodhi looked at the shadow of the beauty, his heart was vast and difficult to understand... he was deeply moved by a girl" [120, p. 614], "Bodhi's whole soul was stirred. When Tu Lan stood up, he immediately met her eyes looking back at him. The look was enough to tell a long story about the love of those two chivalrous souls" [120, p. 675]. When Kim Chi met the hero Bach Hac at Vo Ve Hau's palace:
“…The young girl (Kim Chi or also known as Ngoc Nu) asked flirtatiously:
-What else is it?
…The young girl blushed and sweetly blamed:
-The warrior Bach Hac is drunk! Bach Hac is mentally deranged:
- Yes, I'm drunk, very drunk. Not drunk from wine, not drunk from swordplay, I'm drunk from the beauty of the beautiful woman.
Bach Hac said more, but the young woman looked at him lovingly”… [120, pp. 689-690].
Thus, Truong Tuu flexibly applied elements in folk literature while combining new features in artistic thinking absorbed from Western literature to create modern prose works to attract the attention of the reading public. Heroic characters in the epics of Vietnamese folk literature have been creatively applied. Here are typical examples:
Figure
Epic character | Fictional character | |
Character name | Dam San | Bodhi |
Body, appearance | - “As flexible as a snake in a cave, as a tiger by the stream” [18, p. 27] | - “Relaxed appearance” [120, p. 601] - "Bodhi's face is beautiful like something majestic and angelic” |
-“Sweet yet strong as one | ||
- "His voice and laughter | "Strict orders" [120, p. 607] | |
Voice, voice | sounded like thunder | - "Amidst the red fire, the figure and |
laugh | No one laughs anywhere | Bodhi's words are like those of a |
like Dam San” [18, p. 27] | angel vibrates intensely | |
the souls present” [120, p. 674] | ||
- "Head wearing a double scarf, shoulder | ||
Skin | carry leather bag” - “Dam San rode away on horseback. He wore black and white clothes. He held a spear in his hand. His sword was tucked in his pocket. | -...“one horse, one man carrying a sword living a wandering life” [120, p. 620] |
belt” [18, p. 26] | ||
- Bodhi is a brave and talented person. | ||
good but always have a calm attitude | ||
calm, discreet. Bodhi is beaten | ||
price through the words of Bach Hac guy | ||
- Dam San is brave and courageous. | is a person "rich in chivalry, | |
want to reach the top of the universe | "rich in compassion". Through Nam's words | |
pillar, he kept looking for | Viet Vuong "never met anyone" | |
Fitness, action and talent | the way to the face goddess house Dam San has extraordinary strength "Cut down the mountainside... kill the rhinoceros" | which is brave and action like a warrior". Bodhi has the talent of swimming "swimming and diving". |
kill the tiger... kill the crow | He is proficient in all of them” [120, | |
kite... kill demons...” [18, p. | p. 611], especially the swordsmanship | |
29] | Dharma "Bodhi is a swordsman" | |
high class, few people in the country | ||
comparable to...” [120, p. 618]. In | ||
all the fights Bodhi | ||
always smart, brave |
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- Character development | - Throughout the work, the character | |
natural development. Author: Dan | how characters develop naturally | |
Character description of Dam | from thought to action | |
San is the hero of the series. | Truong Tuu depicts the image | |
very straightforward, clear and | Bodhi character is always a respectable person. | |
definitely, Dam San has beaten | worship generosity, frankness, and decisiveness | |
Defeat two chiefs to protect | resolutely, do not accept those | |
happiness, honor and rights | evil exists in society | |
force | He saw the bandits | |
- Dam San is always thirsty | Five Tigers bully people | |
hope to become a heroic chief | good will to punish. | |
strong, he was not equal | - He never forgives. | |
content with what is | for the traitor. Cannot betray | |
two wives with a hundred gongs | betrayed the trust of many | |
knob, hundred gongs, hundred | Party members, cannot | |
Character development | elephant, the forest is full of pots | betray Tu Lan |
character way | copper, copper water filled the pot | - Is a discreet and affectionate person |
field, pigs and goats full yard, sound | be considerate, always think ahead | |
echoing throughout the mountain god... | every action. Finally the Party | |
- Dam San is determined and | Compassion Failure, Purpose and Reason | |
definitely go catch the goddess face | Bodhi's idea did not come true. | |
heaven to be wife even if have to | This is also one of the failures. | |
face so many dangers | failures that people often encounter | |
life-threatening. Last | in life. The writer lets | |
with Dam San died in | The character experiences failure but | |
black wax forest of god | The writer's pen is quite sharp. | |
Sunyrit. This is the death of | when he successfully expressed his mind | |
hero on the journey | the character's state at the end of the work | |
the journey to great aspirations | product, even in a losing position must look | |
hard-working, honest, commendable | take stock of the situation, must evaluate | |
song, sincerely. | situation, have a strategy | |
up after failure |
- Through the character Bodhi, it shows that | ||
Writer Truong Tuu has given the following | ||
- Through the character Dam San has | character in folk literature | |
can see folk author | put time into the work skillfully | |
character description | love, the writer combined with the | |
generalize about a person | modern elements to incorporate into the work | |
powerful individual | a breath of fresh air, | |
supernatural to express a | hero in the page | |
great desire to explore | His books are both humorous and entertaining. | |
Summary | destroy, conquer nature | epic but very close to |
a whole community, nation. | human life of society | |
Dam San is a hero | modern. The character has everything | |
epic in literature | state, emotion, love, have | |
learn people, is the expression of reason | hate, meet all circumstances but | |
aesthetic and ethical ideas | always "worship humanity" [120, | |
that the folk author sent | p. 750]. Right in the title of the work | |
in there. | made the reader think | |
to the people in the folk | ||
" Bodhi Warrior ". |
Folk literature with its premises is a very important foundation for the development of modern Vietnamese literature in the early 20th century with its reception and inheritance. Until the early 20th century, Vietnamese society witnessed a transformation of literature with the names of Ho Bieu Chanh, Nguyen Chanh Sat, Nguyen Buu Moc, Tran Quang Nghiep, ... and especially the generation of realistic writers such as Nam Cao, Truong Tuu, Vu Trong Phung, ... Each writer has found his own direction but on the foundation of always preserving identity, absorbing new influences to be creative to achieve success in his writing career. Truong Tuu shows that his works are rich and diverse in both content and art. Although the writer also has certain limitations such as character building that is not highly typical. But in particular, in some of his very new prose works, they are built on the background of folk literature, from "repetition
of motifs in folk literature is the outstanding feature that creates the lasting tradition of the aesthetic system" [151, p. 19], the motifs, outstanding heroes that readers often encounter in fairy tales, legends, epics... are renewed and innovated by the writer with his creative personality. That is the inevitable result of the exchange between folk literature and modern literature in the early years of the 20th century and also the remarkable success of Truong Tuu's prose when he applied folk literature to his compositions as a new artistic method. Not only some works directly use folk literature sources, but through the value of the works, the writer not only expresses a fighting spirit, a reality of contemporary society but also wants to send into each composition a message to preserve the spiritual values of national traditions, to preserve and promote folk literature sources and poetic materials.
Summary
With a thesis writing style, rich in everyday realism, Truong Tuu's works leave many marks on both content and art. In terms of art, Truong Tuu has his own unique features that cannot be denied his sensitivity to new things. The writer demonstrates his ability to build symbolic characters through a rather skillful narrative method, besides that he has very realistic discoveries about the character's psychology, which helps the character's personality become more distinct. The language in Truong Tuu's writing is very natural, not fussy or polished, especially the use of traditional and modern elements has shown the creativity of the writer. The author flexibly applies artistic methods to create a rich and diverse writing style.
Thirteen prose works prove that Truong Tuu was one of the multi-talented writers, contributing his voice to the critical realism literature of the early 20th century. Along with famous writers such as Nam Cao and Vu Trong Phung, Truong Tuu had a unique style, not to be confused with any other writer of the same period. He left his mark as a multi-talented, intelligent and courageous Hanoi writer. Although his life had many ups and downs, he was always a writer and a teacher full of passion and responsibility.
With the style of a scientist, he is passionate about every job, no matter what position he is in, he does it with all his heart and soul. Time and the public are the most accurate measures of a person and the prose, research, theory and criticism works that he has published. His personal writing style was not completely welcomed from the very beginning. However, the forced, extreme leftist comments about him eventually passed, today in the new social trend, Truong Tuu has been recognized and re-evaluated in a more correct, objective and scientific way.
CONCLUDE
1. The mirror that reflects Vietnamese society in the early 20th century is the prose of writers such as Nguyen Cong Hoan, Vu Trong Phung, Nam Cao, Ngo Tat To and especially recently, researchers have been affirming the meaningful contribution of professor and writer Truong Tuu.
The generation of genuine writers in the early 20th century created a new face in Vietnamese literature. Like many contemporary realist writers, Truong Tuu composed pages of literature to recreate life from many different perspectives, contributing to completing the picture of Vietnamese culture and literature in the early 20th century.
2. With over a thousand pages of prose written in the five years from 1937 to 1942, Truong Tuu has affirmed his position in modern prose in the early 20th century. Time is a challenge for works of art in general and prose in particular. Thirteen works of Truong Tuu are proof that they have gone through a long time to reach readers today. Considering both content and art, it shows that the writer has made significant contributions to the development of Vietnamese literature. In terms of content , Truong Tuu's prose works have a highly generalized system of topics. In terms of art, Truong Tuu shows that he is a writer with personality. He chose his own path to fulfill the responsibilities of an artist in life. Truong Tuu's prose style is always flexible to find his own mark on the colorful literary picture in the early 20th century.
3. In the early years of the 20th century, in our country, the novels of the Tu Luc Van Doan flourished with romantic and subjective writing, but not long after, writers such as Nguyen Cong Hoan, Nam Cao, Ngo Tat To, Kim Lan, Truong Tuu, Vu Trong Phung... appeared. They were writers with the same aspirations when it came to directing their pens towards realistically describing a social period. The truthful but humane writings created a colorful literary garden of the 1930-1945 period. Truong Tuu, like other writers of the same period, always wondered: What should be done in the face of reality?
What was the social situation in the early 20th century? Writers chose to use pens instead of guns, swords, spears, and halberds. Their pens reflected the negative side of the ruling state at that time, the feudal colonial state that aimed to assimilate our people with its vicious policies. This shows that Truong Tuu's works contributed to the "struggle" of the people to move towards a better, prosperous society.
4. Before the trend of modernization of literature in the early 20th century, Truong Tuu, on the basis of absorbing the achievements of Western literature and the traditional cultural and literary capital of the nation, especially the self-taught knowledge, contributed to the innovation of Vietnamese literature in the direction of modernization. The characters in Truong Tuu's works in terms of content and art have shown the writer's creativity, and at the same time, Truong Tuu has shown differences compared to Tu Luc Van Doan. Truong Tuu showed a high level of generalization when he soon approached and applied Freudian psychoanalysis to create characters with physiological inhibitions. At the same time, the writer flexibly used artistic methods from structure to language to create more profound works.
Although the progress of literature and art has been confirmed by the genre itself, Truong Tuu's prose innovation is also closely linked to the historical context of Vietnamese literature, which is rapidly undergoing modernization. The works of Ho Bieu Chanh, Nguyen Ba Hoc, Dang Tran Phat, Tu Luc Van Doan... are all evidence of the modernity of Vietnamese literature. Truong Tuu's prose is not outside that orbit, but the writer has a difference when combining the values of truth, goodness, and beauty in the overall prose system in a subtle way. Through that, we can see that Truong Tuu has the ability to grasp the nature of people and society, not only that, he is also a writer with a rich cultural background. He absorbed the new features of Western culture, at the same time creating contrasting slices with the traditional customs of the Vietnamese people so that our people can better understand what is gained and what is lost when the new culture and literature are rapidly entering our country at that time. However, besides Truong Tuu's prose contributions, there are also certain limitations such as the writer has not yet revealed the deep roots of people's suffering.