The Role of the Fisheries Sector in the National Economy

including Vietnam in expanding the market, meeting the demand for shrimp worldwide. Meanwhile, the potential and advantages of natural resources in the shrimp farming sector of Ca Mau still have much room for further development.

The production value of shrimp industry in Ca Mau province in 2016 accounted for 71.95% of the total production value in the aquaculture sector, 57.94% of the total production value of the aquaculture sector and 48.88% of the total production value of the entire agricultural sector. If calculating the value created from shrimp export, it is about 20,000 billion/year. The shrimp industry affects the lives of over 50% of the province's population (about

600,000 people), directly affecting the employment of over 350,000 workers, of which about 300,000 workers directly participate in shrimp farming. Identified as a key economic sector, playing an important role in the economic development of the province.

For the region and the whole country: Ca Mau's shrimp farming area is over 278,000 hectares, accounting for 44.6% of the shrimp farming area of the Mekong Delta and 40.4% of the shrimp farming area of the whole country; annual shrimp farming output is about 150,000 tons, accounting for 28.8% of the shrimp output of the Mekong Delta and 22.34% of the shrimp output of the whole country; shrimp export value is about 1 billion USD/year, accounting for about 30% of the shrimp export value of the whole country. From the advantage of having a large shrimp farming area, with more than 260,000 hectares of extensive and improved extensive farming, the output of black tiger shrimp is about 100,000 tons/year, especially nearly 30,000 tons of ecological shrimp, with high quality and value (shrimp - forest, shrimp - rice), this is a strength that no other place has, contributing to creating a world-famous Vietnamese shrimp brand. From the potential, advantages, and value created from Ca Mau shrimp, it has made an important contribution, playing a decisive role in the development of the Vietnamese shrimp industry at present as well as in the future.

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 Limitations and challenges

Planning work is still slow, planning quality is not high; available potential advantages have not been fully exploited; planning management is not strict, so spontaneous production still occurs in some places in the province.

Technical infrastructure serving production development has not met the requirements of conversion and construction of large-scale concentrated production areas. Irrigation system investment is not synchronous and has not been effective due to limited funding sources.

Although shrimp seed production technology has progressed, the seed produced in the province only meets about 45% of the demand, and quality shrimp seed is still very limited. Most shrimp seed still depends on the Central provinces.

Production organization is still small and fragmented, the application of science and technology in production is still limited. Production linkages are slow to develop and are not sustainable, mainly due to the lack of appropriate mechanisms, unreasonable benefit sharing and generally lack of interest from farmers, and enterprises are not proactive in building and promoting forms of linkage development. The cooperative economy is slow to develop, households are the main production units, the products are of poor quality, low output, and weak competitiveness.

State management of input material and raw material quality

Processing is still limited. Quality of seeds and animals

veterinary drugs, chemicals and preparations

Biology

The use of shrimp farming is not stable. There is no factory in the province.

Export of feed, veterinary medicine, chemicals, and environmental improvers in shrimp farming, so the cost of shrimp production is still high, and the source of goods is not proactive.

Production depends heavily on weather and climate change; the disease situation is always latent and complicated, there are no effective prevention and control solutions. The quality of shrimp products is still limited, prices are still unstable, and products have not yet met market demand. In addition, human resources have not met the needs for production development; the level of technical understanding in production is still limited, and there are difficulties in receiving transfer and applying technical advances.

The export market is still facing difficulties, increasing trade and technical barriers from importing countries, along with fierce competition between exporting countries.

Shrimp exports have had a significant impact on the efficiency of the province's shrimp industry, and there are not many big brands.

 Cause

Industry management capacity, although there have been many efforts and efforts to achieve certain results, still has many limitations and weaknesses, affecting the effectiveness of production direction.

The direction of production organization is still limited, and large-scale production linkage models have not been built, forming concentrated raw material production areas associated with processing and product consumption. The coordination between levels and sectors in orienting production development, investment and calling for investment, building brands and marketing to expand consumption markets still lacks support and linkage between related parties.

Trade promotion, brand building, and product advertising are still confused and lack specific plans. Market information and forecasting work has not received due attention, so production and consumption are often passive, and there are often situations of good harvests and low prices, reducing production efficiency.

Coordination with some sectors and localities has not been closely linked. Support from central sectors, institutes, schools, non-governmental organizations and enterprises has not been sought. The coordination mechanism in management and operation between functional sectors has not brought high efficiency.

Research and application of technical advances in production have not met requirements. Low level of education leads to many limitations in the absorption and application of scientific and technical advances in production.

The propaganda work to raise awareness of law compliance is not very effective, the situation of law violations in the field of industry management still continuously occurs, especially violations in management, environmental protection, fraud in the quality of seeds, materials, planning implementation, production conditions...

2.2. The role of the fisheries sector in the national economy

2.2.1. Concept of Aquaculture

- Fisheries activities are a broad concept. According to Article 2 of the Fisheries Law, " fisheries activities are the exploitation, farming, transportation, preservation, processing, trading, export and import of aquatic products; services in fisheries activities; investigation, protection and development of aquatic resources " [pages 14, 27].

- The Fisheries Industry is a relatively independent industry in the development process, so it is possible to approach the study of the Fisheries Industry with different scopes according to each aspect of production relations and production forces. Research works on the Fisheries Industry have appeared using different terms to indicate the scope of research: Fisheries economic system; Fisheries technical system; Fisheries system. The production technical system is a concept related to the development of production force factors in terms of technical level. The term fisheries economic system has the main connotation of economic relations, fisheries production and business relations; this term is suitable for the research scope of the thesis. The term fisheries system has a broad connotation (similar to the concept of Fisheries Industry in the Fisheries Law), including contents related to both production relations and production forces. In the development process of the Fisheries Industry, the diversification of ownership forms and equal treatment of all forms of production organization. Each form of ownership or production organization has a relatively independent role, but also interacts with each other, relies on and links with each other in the development process, forming an economic foundation or economic system that is dialectically appropriate to the level of development of the productive forces of the Fisheries Industry in each specific historical period. Therefore, according to the author, the fisheries economic system can be understood as the total production relations of the Fisheries Industry; expressed by the main forms of ownership of means of production, forms of production organization, distribution, exchange in the fields of aquaculture, exploitation, processing of aquatic products and the corresponding management mechanism of the State for the Fisheries Industry.

2.2.2. The role of the Fisheries industry in the national economy

 For society

In human life, a large amount of food is needed. In addition to terrestrial animals and plants, humans have exploited a large amount of living resources in the aquatic environment, which is a valuable source of food for humans. Therefore, the aquaculture industry has participated in the structure of people's daily meals. As people's living standards increase, the demand for food increases. Nowadays, the concern in daily meals is that people tend to use low-fat foods. The products of this industry are able to meet this requirement. This is the main source of protein for humans. In current food consumption, seafood accounts for 15% of animal protein. Of the total annual seafood consumption, about 71% is used as direct food for human consumption. The rest is mainly used as fish oil and fish meal.

Currently, Vietnamese people use seafood at an estimated rate of about 50%, of which farmed seafood accounts for 30%. In 2016, the average consumption of seafood products was 14.9 kg/person, of which fish alone was over 8 kg. Compared to the consumption of other products, the consumption of seafood products is higher. Currently, when diseases in poultry and livestock are increasing, the source of food from seafood plays an increasingly important role.

Thus, products of the seafood industry are increasingly holding an important position in the life needs of society.

 For economic sectors

 Agriculture:

- Provide feed for livestock and fertilizer for crops.

In fact, by-products of the industry are used as raw materials for processing facilities for livestock, poultry and shrimp and fish in ponds. High-value seaweeds are used as very good fertilizers for fields. According to statistics from FAO, aquatic products for the livestock industry account for about 30% of the exploited output.

 Industry:

- Providing raw materials for industries such as: food processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, fine arts, chemicals...

Products of the industry such as dried squid, canned fish, frozen shrimp, and sour shrimp are very popular with consumers and thanks to processing and preservation, these products are widely used, meeting the increasing needs of consumers.

Nowadays, the seafood processing industry is growing. Therefore, providing seafood raw materials is an indispensable factor to maintain and develop food production and processing.

- For the pharmaceutical industry: some types of farmed aquatic products are raw materials for processing some valuable medicines such as: fish oil (medicine processed from shark liver), medicine processed from abalone shell, pearl... Especially some types of seaweed are used as the coating of some medicines. In addition, some vitamins A, B1, B2, D... are made from some aquatic products.

- In the chemical industry: raw materials from seafood such as shrimp and crab shells are processed into Chitin, which is widely used in film products, jelly and other additives that can be processed into soap.

- For the handicraft industry: some products of the aquaculture industry are raw materials for the handicraft industry such as: Green mussel shells used for mother-of-pearl inlay, pearls used for jewelry or decoration for some types of luxury furniture...

 For export

Export is an activity to earn large foreign currency contributing to promoting the socio-economic development of the country.

Seafood products enrich and diversify export items; the industry's products are increasingly widely exported and popular in the market, bringing in large export revenues.

In addition, the aquaculture industry is growing strongly, creating a large source of accumulated capital for investment in the industry and other economic sectors. In addition, the aquaculture industry

The industry, together with other economic sectors, actively participates in strengthening national defense and security, maintaining order in the airspace and sea of the Fatherland.

2.2.3. Characteristics of the Fisheries industry

The aquaculture industry has similar characteristics to the agricultural industry. However, due to the specific nature of human resources, the aquaculture industry has its own characteristics that distinguish it from the agricultural industry.

Firstly, the production objects of aquaculture are organisms living in water.

Second, the main irreplaceable means of production of the fisheries industry is water.

Third, in aquaculture, the economic reproduction process alternates with the natural reproduction process, labor time does not completely match production time, so the aquaculture industry has a very clear seasonality.

Fourth, NTTS develops more widely and is relatively more complex than other material production industries.

2.3. Research overview

2.3.1. Overseas research

The study by D'Souza, G., Cyphers, D., & Phipps, T. (1993) with the topic " Factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices " aimed to analyze and evaluate the factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The author used the logit model to analyze the factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in Virginia. The research results showed that the factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices include: Age, education level, water source, farming time, revenue, Government farm program, labor, Debt/assets.

The study of Staples and Chesson (2000) with the topic “ The FAO guidelines for the development and use of indicators for sustainable development of marine capture fisheries and an Australian example of their application ”. In this study, the author argues that sustainable development of fisheries is development in a reasonable manner.

on ecology, economics, politics, culture, and society. In addition, the study builds a system of indicators to evaluate sustainable development of the fisheries industry through aspects such as: (1) Economy; (2) Society; (3) Ecology; (4) Governance.

Anthony, C., (2001) with the study “ Sustainable fishery system ”. In this study, Anthony summarizes the aspects of analyzing sustainable fisheries based on four main factors: (1) economic sustainability, (2) social sustainability, (3) environmental sustainability and (4) institutional sustainability.

2.3.2. Domestic research

Lam Van Man (2006) with his PhD thesis in economics " Sustainable development of the Mekong Delta fisheries sector to 2015 ", Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics. The thesis focuses on the research of the Vietnamese fisheries sector in general and the Mekong Delta in particular. Based on scientific theories and practices, a system of solutions is built according to 03 contents including: exploitation, aquaculture, processing and consumption, in which attention is paid to the connection with the protection of resources, environment, and solving social problems of the fisheries sector. The study continues to propose a system of general solutions that support the entire sector, including: orientation of capital investment, science - technology, human resource training and management mechanisms. In order for the above solutions to be implemented, the topic has made specific recommendations to the Government, central ministries, branches and local state management agencies in the Mekong Delta region. However, the scope of the thesis is quite broad and the time is quite long, so the solutions are outdated and do not meet the requirements of sustainable development of the fisheries industry.

Nguyen Kim Phuc (2011) with his doctoral thesis " Improving the growth quality of Vietnam's fisheries sector ", National Economics University. The thesis studies an overview of the theory of the growth quality of the fisheries sector based on the theory and practice of economic growth quality. This study is conducted nationwide, assessing the current situation and proposed solutions in a general way. However, with the unique characteristics of a southernmost province of the Fatherland

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