2.3. Evaluation of Da Nang's sea tourism development policy
2.3.1. Advantages
In the period of 2011 - 2016, with reasonable and effective policies of the city as well as the attention and direction of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, central ministries, the City Party Committee, the People's Committee, the People's Council of Da Nang City, the coordination of all levels and sectors, the efforts of enterprises, mass organizations and the consensus of the city's people. The tourism industry in general and sea tourism in particular of Da Nang have had strong development steps, contributing significantly to the development and transformation of the city's socio-economic structure. With a system of specialized infrastructure constantly invested and upgraded in both quantity and quality. Planning and investment for tourism have been given attention, attracting investment capital for tourism has increased significantly, administrative procedures have also been reformed to shorten the time and create favorable conditions for businesses. Tourism products are increasingly diverse, the tourism environment is stable, security and order and environmental sanitation are maintained and increasingly improved, the quality of the marine environment as well as the beaches are significantly improved, the promotion of marine tourism continues to receive attention, the tourism market is expanded, the image of Da Nang marine tourism in particular and Da Nang tourism in general is gradually building a brand in the international market.
2.3.1.1. A systematic and unified marine tourism development policy
Built on the general viewpoints and policies of the Party and the State on socio-economic development in general as well as the policy and viewpoints on sea tourism development of Da Nang city in particular. The sea tourism development policy of Da Nang city concretizes the viewpoints and policies of the Party and the State through its content. Through its goals and measures, the sea tourism development policy of Da Nang city aims to develop sea tourism of Da Nang city according to the orientation of the Party and the State. Thereby creating
consistent with other socio-economic development policies of the Party and State as well as of Da Nang city.
Along with that, the policy of developing marine tourism of Da Nang city is not only expressed through a single document or decision, but instead, the policy of developing marine tourism of Da Nang is expressed through a system of decisions including legal documents, administrative decisions, programs, plans as well as practical actions and behaviors of Da Nang city...
For example: The construction of the Da Nang City Tourism Development Project is based on the general foundations and orientations of the State on tourism development of the country, the central region, and the South Central Coast region, as shown in Resolution 92/NQ-CP in 2014 on solutions to promote the development of Vietnam's tourism in the new period issued by the Government; Decision 2350/QD-TTg in 2014 approving the "Master plan for tourism development in the South Central Coast region to 2020, with a vision to 2030" issued by the Prime Minister; Decision No. 2054/QD-TTg dated November 13, 2014 of the Prime Minister approving the Master plan for the development of Culture, Family, Sports and Tourism in the Central Key Economic Region to 2020, with a vision to 2030; as well as viewpoints and orientations related to the development of marine tourism in Da Nang city are expressed through the decisions of Resolution 33-NQ/TW in 2003 on building and developing Da Nang city in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country issued by the Politburo. The Resolution has determined the direction and tasks for the development of Da Nang city until 2020 and Conclusion 75-KL/TW in 2013 continues to promote the implementation of Resolution 33-NQ/TW of the 9th Politburo "On building and developing Da Nang city in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country" issued by the Central Executive Committee; Decision No. 2357/QD-TTg dated December 4, 2013 of the Prime Minister on approving the adjustment of the Master Plan of Da Nang city until 2030, with a vision to 2050; Resolution of the 21st Congress of the Da Nang City Party Committee, term 2016 - 2020.
2.3.1.2. Policy content is developed in accordance with the requirements set forth.
- Regarding the policy objectives: With its tourism potential, identifying tourism development to promote socio-economic development is what the city needs to do. At the present stage, the role of tourism in general and sea tourism in particular is increasingly important.
Resolution 33-NQ/TW in 2003 on building and developing Da Nang city in the period of national industrialization and modernization was issued by the Politburo. The Resolution determined the direction and tasks for Da Nang city's development until 2020, thereby orienting "Investing in developing tourism to become the city's spearhead economic sector". Conclusion 75-KL/TW in 2013 issued by the Central Executive Committee continued to promote the implementation of Resolution 33-NQ/TW of the 9th Politburo "On building and developing Da Nang city in the period of national industrialization and modernization".
Resolution 66/2008/NQ-HDND dated July 3, 2008 on the Master Plan for Socio-Economic Development of Da Nang City to 2020 issued by the People's Council of Da Nang City determined to "Build Da Nang into one of the tourism service centers".
The above development orientations show the position, role and importance of tourism in general, including sea tourism, for the socio-economic development of Da Nang city. Therefore, the policy of sea tourism development continues to determine the general goal of promoting the development of sea tourism, thereby creating momentum for the socio-economic development of Da Nang city in particular and the State in general according to the orientation is completely feasible, in accordance with the requirements of reality as well as the development orientation of the State.
Along with that, the specific objectives of the marine tourism development policy of Da Nang city are built in a specific and clear manner, with specific numbers and criteria expressed through the city's tourism development projects in each specific period. At the same time, the objectives of the policy are built based on
based on research assessing the domestic and international socio-economic situation, opportunities and challenges as well as the city's actual capacity and resources.
This is clearly shown in the adjustments to specific goals for the Da Nang sea tourism development policy, expressed through the Da Nang City Tourism Development Projects at different stages. This helps the policy goals to be practical as well as highly feasible during the application period specified until 2020.
- Policy measures: Policy measures are developed and selected based on the requirements for solving policy problems, aiming to achieve policy goals in solving problems in accordance with the general policy system on socio-economic development of the Party and State.
The measures of the marine tourism development policy of Da Nang city have been built on the basis of the correlation between the city's actual resources and the policy objectives. At the same time, the content of the policy measures has demonstrated the role and participation of relevant parties such as local authorities, organizations, individuals doing marine tourism business, local people... in marine tourism development activities in general as well as the marine tourism development policy cycle of Da Nang city in particular.
Finally, policy measures are built on scientific foundations as well as the city's experience in developing marine tourism as well as the experience in developing marine tourism of localities in the country and the world... The above characteristics contribute to making the measures of the Da Nang marine tourism development policy highly feasible.
- Regarding the time of the policy: At the 10th session, the 9th National Assembly issued a Resolution to separate Da Nang city from a city of Quang Nam - Da Nang province to become a centrally-run administrative unit (January 1, 1997). Continuing the general tourism development policies as well as the tourism development policy
In addition to the previously implemented marine tourism development policy, Da Nang city continues to implement its marine tourism development policy as a centrally-governed city.
On October 16, 2003, the Politburo issued Resolution No. 33-NQ/TW on “Building and developing Da Nang city in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country”. This is a significant event, a premise for a major change in the tourism development policy in general as well as the marine tourism development policy in particular of Da Nang city. Resolution 33-NQ/TW clearly states the tourism development orientation of Da Nang city: “Investing in developing tourism strongly to become the city's spearhead economic sector; building Da Nang into a major tourist center of the country”.
In the recent period, realizing the importance of developing marine tourism, Da Nang city has always maintained and improved its marine tourism development policy. This is demonstrated through the issuance of Conclusion 75-KL/TW in 2013 of the Central Executive Committee on continuing to promote the implementation of Resolution 33-NQ/TW of the 9th Politburo "On building and developing Da Nang city in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country". As well as Resolution 66/2008/NQ-HDND dated July 3, 2008 on the Master Plan for socio-economic development of Da Nang city to 2020 issued by the Da Nang People's Council, which determined "Building Da Nang into one of the tourism service centers" as well as the Da Nang People's Committee building and promulgating the Da Nang City Tourism Development Project for the period 2016 - 2020.
Continuing to maintain and improve the policy of developing marine tourism of Da Nang city is the right decision when marine tourism increasingly affirms its role and position in the development of the tourism industry in particular as well as the development of the socio-economic of Da Nang city in general. As well as the issue of developing marine tourism of the city in recent years is still assessed as not commensurate with its marine tourism potential.
Therefore, the fact that the Da Nang sea tourism development policy has existed until now and will continue to be maintained and improved in the future is an advantage of the policy. This helps the policy to be increasingly improved, as well as helps the policy have enough time to achieve its goals.
2.3.1.3. Highly effective policy for developing Da Nang sea tourism
Through the implementation and concretization of marine tourism development policies through decisions and legal documents, marine tourism development policies in particular have created driving forces and favorable conditions for the development of marine tourism in Da Nang city.
For example: Through Decision 30/2014/QD-UBND on policies to support the development of souvenir production in Da Nang city. The city creates motivation and other favorable conditions for individuals and organizations to develop the production of souvenir products for tourism in general and sea tourism in particular in Da Nang city with certain supports such as support for the development of souvenir production, loans, investment in technological equipment innovation, application of scientific and technical advances; support for production and business premises, etc.
In recent years, with an effective and efficient policy on developing marine tourism, Da Nang city has created great momentum and favorable conditions for the development of marine tourism in the city. This is clearly demonstrated through impressive figures showing the development of tourism in general and marine tourism in Da Nang city in recent times. Specifically:
- The number of tourists and tourism revenue continuously increase
In the period 2011-2016, Da Nang tourism has achieved many successes in attracting domestic and foreign tourists. According to the data in the Da Nang City Tourism Development Project for the period 2016-2020, the average annual growth rate of tourists in the period 2011-2015 was 20.14%. Of which, international visitors increased by an average of 25.46%, domestic visitors increased by an average of 18.56%.
In 2016 alone, the total number of tourists visiting Da Nang is estimated at 5.51 million, an increase of 17.7% compared to 2015, estimated at 107.2% of the plan, of which international visitors are estimated at 1.66 million, an increase of 31.6% compared to 2015, estimated at 126.2% of the plan, domestic visitors are estimated at 3.84 million, an increase of 12.5% compared to 2015, estimated at 100.6% of the plan.
Unit: Number of visitors
Content
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
Guest inland | 1,800,000 | 2,028,645 | 2,374,375 | 2,845,000 | 3,350,000 | 3,840,000 |
Guest international | 500,000 | 630,908 | 743,183 | 955,000 | 1,250,000 | 1,660,000 |
Total | 2,350,000 | 2,659,553 | 3,117,558 | 3,800,000 | 4,600,000 | 5,510,000 |
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Some Policy Implications for Developing Community Tourism in Con Son -
Mechanism, Policy and Investment Environment for Sustainable Tourism Development in the Central Highlands -
Implementing tourism development policy in Phu Tho province - 9 -
Current Status of Sea and Island Tourism Development in Nghe An
Table 2.3. Number of tourists to Da Nang in the period 2011 - 2016 (According to data from the Department of Tourism of Da Nang city)
Along with the increasing number of tourists coming to Da Nang, the tourism industry's revenue has also achieved many positive results. Specifically, in the period 2011 - 2016, total tourism revenue increased by an average of 29.7%. Of which, total tourism revenue in 2016 is estimated at 16 trillion VND, an increase of 24.7% compared to 2015 (estimated at 11,800 billion VND), reaching 107.1% of the plan, 3.47 times higher than in 2011 (4,600 billion VND).
Unit: Trillion VND
Content
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
Tourism Revenue | 4.14 | 6 | 7,784 | 9.74 | 12.7 | 16 |
High
Table 2.4. Tourism revenue of Da Nang in the period 2011 - 2016
(According to data from the Department of Tourism of Da Nang City)
- The quality of tourism infrastructure is increasingly improved.
As of 2016, the city has 83 tourism service projects that have been and are being invested in with a total investment capital of more than 7,300 million USD (153,300 billion VND), including 20 foreign investment projects with a total investment capital of 1,280 million USD (equivalent to 26,800 billion VND) and 63 domestic investment projects with a total capital of 6,020 million USD (equivalent to 126,420 billion VND).
Unit: Billion VND
Project investment capital
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
Foreign investment | 1,536 | 1,457.4 | 1,431.6 | 1,668.5 | 1,208 | 1,280 |
Domestic investment | 1,612 | 2,546.8 | 4355.2 | 6,512.4 | 7,212 | 6.020 |
Total | 3,148 | 4,004.2 | 5,786.8 | 8,180.9 | 8,420 | 7,300 |
Table 2.5. Total investment capital in tourism projects in Da Nang in the period 2011 - 2016
(According to data from the Department of Tourism of Da Nang City)
- Sea tourism products and services are increasingly diverse with increasingly high quality.
During the period of 2011 - 2016, the city's marine tourism products have been increasingly invested in and diversified, the quality of tourism services has been consolidated and improved, basically meeting the needs and tastes of tourists with many new products such as windsurfing, parasailing, coral diving... Along with that, the tourism programs have been organized very successfully by the city, leaving many good impressions in the eyes of domestic and foreign tourists such as the International Fireworks Competition, the Han River Windsurfing Competition, the International Parasailing Competition, the Kite Festival... Especially in 2016, the city has successfully organized major events such as the Clipper Race International Yacht Race (from February 17 to 27, 2016), the Opening Program of the 2016 Sea Tourism Season, the Da Nang - Summer Destination 2016 Program, the Da Nang International Tourism Fair 2016, and the coordination in organizing the Beach Sports Festival. Asian Sea 2016 – ABG5 (September 24 – October 3, 2016), Co-organizing the International Conference on Tourism and Sports (September 24, 2016).