services and remedies, To more accurately assess the situation of organization, implementation and deployment of quality management of KHCN loan services at SHB Hoan Kiem through investigation and survey.
The specific interview results are as follows:
Table 2.15: Survey on the current status of improvement in quality management of KHCN lending services for management staff at SHB Hoan Kiem.
Content & criteria
Average score | Deviation standard | |
Improvement of the quality of science and technology lending services is being carried out. regularly, continuously and according to pre-planning | 3.92 | 0.79 |
Improve the quality of appropriate and effective KHCN lending services high efficiency | 3.92 | 0.79 |
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Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
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- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in people's daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone company's network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
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Source: Author's survey results
Regarding quality improvement, the management board assessed that the improvement of the quality of the KHCN loan service was carried out regularly, continuously and according to a pre-planned plan (3.92) and the improvement of the quality of the KHCN loan service was appropriate and highly effective (3.92) were both at a low level. The branch management board needs to pay more attention to this activity to reduce errors and problems during the implementation process and reduce defects in the products and services provided.
To accurately reflect the quality management of lending services at the Branch as well as the influencing factors, the author interviewed Ms. Nguyen Thi Linh Chi - Deputy Director in charge of Science and Technology at the Branch ( Details of the interview questions are presented in Appendix 03). Ms. Nguyen Thi Linh Chi has many years of experience in managing science and technology loans and has a good understanding of the Branch's business situation in recent years.
+ When asked for a general assessment of the service quality at SHB Hoan Kiem, she said that the quality of the KHCN loan service at SHB Hoan Kiem basically met the needs of customers and satisfied their expectations. The KHCN loan service that SHB Hoan Kiem is providing is diverse in products, the system of facilities and modern equipment is gradually being completed as well as being invested in advanced technology in the process of serving customers, the staff is hard-working, friendly, thoughtful, eager to learn.... However, there are still some aspects that have not been met.
The training courses on skills and policy content are still limited, so the level/capacity of employees has not been improved. In addition, the operating process has many steps, so it takes more time and consumes a lot of resources in the process of providing KHCN loan services at the Branch.
+ Objectively assessing the staff, she said that most of the staff have achieved good work completion, SHB Hoan Kiem has built a team of united staff, supporting each other in work, grasping policies, products, being dynamic and creative in work but there are still some weaknesses, especially the ability to communicate, understand customer needs, skills to handle arising problems as well as understanding and knowledge of related fields are still limited. The staff in the sales department have not yet promoted the provision/cross-selling of other products to customers, only focusing on 1,2 main loan products. In the context of the increasingly competitive banking market, especially the retail market, she affirmed that in order to improve the quality of human resources, SHB Hoan Kiem also has specific and detailed plans in the coming time.
+ Regarding service quality management, she shared that the Branch's Board of Directors has also paid great attention to the issue of service quality management for KHCN loans in recent years, based on the Bank's policies and the Branch's existing resources. However, the implementation and quality control have not yet met the requirements, partly due to the limited qualifications/capacity of human resources. In addition, this is also a fairly new issue for SHB Hoan Kiem, so there are still many issues that need to be self-researched and learned. In the coming time, SHB Hoan Kiem will gradually improve the service quality management process.
2.3 Results of assessing the quality of science and technology lending services through survey forms.
To increase information and objectivity for the thesis on the assessment of the quality of KHCN lending services at SHB Hoan Kiem. The author conducted a customer survey, then compiled the data into a table and scored, and analyzed the collected data. From the survey results and data analysis, comparisons were made with the average scores.
If 1 ≤ X < 2: Service quality is far below customer expectations.
If 2 ≤ X < 3: Service quality is below customer expectations. If 3 ≤ X < 4: Service quality meets customer expectations. If 4 ≤ X < 5: Service quality exceeds customer expectations.
If X = 5: Service quality exceeds customer expectations. Here are the survey results:
Table 2.16: Customer evaluation of service quality
Evaluate
Content
mT point B | Standard deviation | |
1. Tangible | 3.99 | 0.25 |
- The bank has convenient transaction locations. | 3.71 | 0.69 |
- Bank staff have professional uniforms and demeanor. | 3.85 | 0.50 |
- Modern Bank facilities | 4.10 | 0.63 |
- Equipment works well, no damage | 4.28 | 0.60 |
2. Trust | 4.28 | 0.06 |
- Provide services as advertised and always follow the instructions do what you promise | 4.35 | 0.69 |
- Resolve customer complaints quickly | 4.25 | 0.70 |
- Flexible in providing services on demand | 4.25 | 0.70 |
3. Responsibility | 4.37 | 0.05 |
-Bank staff are always ready to help when needed. | 4.41 | 0.64 |
-The behavior and attitude of bank staff always make customers satisfied. trust | 4.39 | 0.65 |
- Bank staff show sincere concern for the interests of customers. customers, seek to understand customer needs. | 4.31 | 0.68 |
4. Guarantee | 4.00 | 0.46 |
- Staff have good knowledge and understanding of expertise and profession. | 4.15 | 0.76 |
- List of products and services for lending to science and technology of Multi-Bank form | 4.00 | 0.76 |
- Competitive pricing and fee policies in the banking market. | 3.25 | 0.66 |
- Staff are always friendly, polite and respectful to customers. | 4.13 | 0.46 |
- Ensure security and safety for guests and their property
4.50 | 0.52 | |
5. Sympathy | 4.55 | 0.06 |
-Customers are always cared for and looked after by Bank staff. before, during and after the transaction. | 4.61 | 0.53 |
- The Bank's service time is appropriate and fast. | 4.54 | 0.61 |
- Convenient payment/refund methods | 4.50 | 0.64 |
Source: Author's survey results Comment: Through customer opinion poll, it shows that service quality is
SHB Hoan Kiem's KHCN loans are highly appreciated by customers.
From the results of the average score table assessing the level of perception for the elements in service quality, we can have a general assessment of the average score from 3.25 to 4.61, which means it is at the "good" level. Considering all the attributes, all are rated "Good", no attribute is perceived at the "Very good" level. The Bank has best demonstrated the following criteria: Customers are always cared for by Bank staff before, during and after transactions (4.61); The Bank's service time is appropriate and fast (4.54); Payment/refund methods are convenient (4.50); Ensuring security and safety for customers and their property (4.50); Bank staff are always ready to help thoughtfully when needed (4.41).
The lowest performance level belongs to the criteria such as: The bank has a convenient transaction location (3.71); Bank staff have professional uniforms and manners (3.85); Competitive pricing and fee policies in the banking market (3.25). These are completely consistent with the reality at SHB Hoan Kiem, because the transaction location of the Branch is located at 40 Hang Giay Street, Dong Xuan, Hanoi. Although this is an area with high population density, intersecting many main streets, Hang Giay Street is a one-way street, with heavy traffic, small and narrow sidewalks, along with limited parking area for customers, mainly only for motorbikes, so this also affects customers' evaluation of the transaction location.
As analyzed, the competition in retail credit will become increasingly fierce as more and more financial companies and credit institutions participate in the market. The foundation and potential of the Vietnamese market are still very large, there are many opportunities to exploit, people will have access to many optimal products, better customer service as well as more competitive interest rates. Thus, in the following years, the retail credit industry will witness increasing competition between operators, customers will have more choices for themselves. Interest rate policy
Interest rates - prices at SHB are still considered quite high compared to the general market level, completely consistent with the above customer evaluation results. To overcome this problem, SHB Hoan Kiem has tried to bring customers the most preferential interest rates - price policies by accurately, fully and seriously implementing the internal customer credit rating system, filtering out customers with good ratings to be able to apply for loan interest rate reduction and loan margin for the customer's credit according to regulations. Currently, for loans of customers with AAA rating, the interest rate (-0.3%) / year and margin (-0.3%) / year are applied compared to other customers.
Regarding professional attire and demeanor, SHB Hoan Kiem is gradually adding new levels of full uniforms for employees, ensuring that the image and materials of the uniforms are always new. In addition, professional skills courses in the sales process are also being added for employees.
Regarding facilities and working equipment , customers also highly appreciated (4.10 and 4.28 respectively). This is also one of the proud points of SHB Hoan Kiem. Currently, SHB Hoan Kiem Branch has 1 large meeting room, 1 Branch Director's room, 2 Branch Deputy Director's rooms, 3 business departments and other departments. At the affiliated transaction offices (Tay Ho, Viet Hung and Long Bien), there are 5 rooms including a meeting room, business room, customer service room, reception room and transaction office director's room.
The form/design of facilities at SHB Hoan Kiem is suitable and consistent across the entire system at transaction offices/branches when providing financial services to customers with a professional, luxurious but still close design, creating a sense of security and comfort for customers when coming to transact from the system of transaction counters, arranging tables, chairs, equipment, machinery, and working tools on the transaction desk in a reasonable arrangement to create convenience for customers, along with modern technology such as at each SHB transaction point, there is an e-Counter - an automatic customer flow system, helping customers register for the desired service at the counter. This is also a way of "queuing" to help customers who come first be served first, not having to wait long for their turn to transact.
In SHB Hoan Kiem branch, departments are separated by partitions (flexible room partition materials) that are not fixed, so they can be adjusted, changed easily, and arranged reasonably to meet the diverse needs of customers. Large rooms are often used as waiting rooms for customers or used for customer appreciation events and conferences. When a room is needed for service consultation
In-depth financial services for retail customers and VIP customers can use partitions to create a private, quiet space for customers or can also be divided into small private rooms to serve customers who need space to sign service contracts and exchange.
The design of facilities at transaction points/branches is not only modern and professional, but SHB Hoan Kiem also uses orange color, creating a luxurious and equally friendly and close look. Tables, chairs, working tools, machinery, and equipment are applied/fully utilized by SHB Hoan Kiem with the main orange color, creating high aesthetics when customers come to transact at SHB Hoan Kiem.
At SHB Hoan Kiem Branch, it is always cleaned and sanitized, creating a spacious and clean atmosphere when customers come to transact, contributing to creating a comfortable feeling for customers.
Thus, in general, among the groups, the "Sympathy" group has the highest average score of 4.55, the lowest is the "Tangibility" indicator with an average score of 3.99. The results are consistent with reality because SHB Hoan Kiem always tries to meet the desired needs of customers to the best of its ability, thanks to which it has received a very positive assessment from customers in terms of their feelings after using the Bank's services. This is a commendable result and needs to be maintained for SHB Hoan Kiem whenever customers need to use the KHCN loan service.
+ Overall customer satisfaction rating.
Table 2.17: Customer satisfaction assessment of service quality
Evaluate
Content
Point TB | Deviation bacteria | |
- You are completely satisfied with the quality of loan services Banking Science and Technology. | 4.06 | 0.75 |
- In the future, you will continue to use the service for Bank loan | 3.82 | 0.67 |
- You will use additional KHCN loan products and services other Bank when needed. | 3.80 | 0.74 |
- You will introduce the bank's KHCN loan service. for others. | 3.87 | 0.69 |
Source: Author's survey results According to the general assessment of customer satisfaction, this criterion reached 4.06/5 points. In general, most customers are still at a low level of satisfaction. Although
However, most of the customers surveyed still agreed to continue using the KHCN lending service at SHB Hoan Kiem, use other lending services when needed and will recommend the lending service to others.
2.4 General assessment of service quality management for KHCN loans at SHB Hoan Kiem.
2.4.1 Results achieved.
In general, the Branch has paid due attention to and invested in service quality management. Managers have gradually learned and researched this work; employees are regularly trained and work according to scientific processes.
The results achieved in recent years are quite good, such as the number of new loan customers/year increased by about 100 customers/year, the scale of outstanding loans increased by about 380 - 400 billion VND/year. Net revenue from the customer service sector increased by about 19 billion VND/year. The bad debt ratio is still controlled at 1.5%. The number of customers expressing satisfaction and becoming loyal customers is increasing. Overall, the quality of the bank's services has met customers' expectations.
In the service provided to customers, customers are always cared for by bank staff before, during and after transactions, which is highly appreciated by customers because SHB Hoan Kiem Branch always tries to meet the needs and desires of customers to the best of its ability, thanks to which it has received very positive reviews from customers in terms of their feelings before, during and after using the Bank's services.
The credit granting process for SMEs and additional services also meets the needs, helping to increase satisfaction and revenue for the Branch in addition to revenue from basic credit granting services.
Firstly, SHB Hoan Kiem has established a quality policy and quality objectives for each year, which serves as a basis for quality management activities during the year. The plans are also disseminated to all departments, helping employees clearly understand the work to be done and what needs to be ensured.
Second, SHB Hoan Kiem has established and applied working processes/quality standards of departments in the Branch. This is one of the methods to achieve the goals set by the Bank. In addition, the Bank has implemented the completion and improvement of the quality of technical facilities as the target. Human resource management and customer relationship management activities have brought about significant results. All employees have followed the regulations.
the program offered by the Bank. The staff is well-trained, well-united, enthusiastic and passionate about their work.
Third , inspection and control have been given more attention and are carried out by the Branch's management board more regularly. Inspection is also conducted comprehensively in all departments during the process of providing KHCN loan services to customers.
Fourth, Quality improvement work has also received more attention from the Branch's staff. Errors/problems in the service provision process have been gradually overcome.
2.4.2 Limitations and causes.
Through the study of the current status of quality management of lending services for customers at SHB Hoan Kiem, we can see that the bank has achieved many successes. However, besides the successes, the Branch also has some remaining problems. Below are some objective and subjective reasons affecting the quality of service of the Branch.
Firstly, the planning and CDLV targets are not yet suitable for the Branch's resources. Regarding the credit granting process, although the time to provide services to customers has been reduced, it has not been highly appreciated in terms of monitoring customer loan accounts. Receiving, analyzing, appraising loan applications and periodically checking customers after lending. This is because the coordination between departments in the Branch is not really perfect and flexible, causing a lot of time loss, and the resources allocated to post-disbursement activities are not yet reasonable. In addition, the Branch does not have any department to monitor the implementation time of each task/step in the process as well as penalties for violations exceeding the prescribed time, and in reality, implementation is still quite loose.
Second, the understanding of customer needs has not been implemented effectively, leading to the result that the bank has not fully grasped the needs of customers. The implementation of commitments to customers has only been completed at a relatively high level. This is because the process of periodically finding out information about customers' needs and expectations is still formal, not really in-depth, regular and continuous. In addition, the Branch does not have a department responsible for surveying customers to understand customer needs as well as measuring and evaluating the quality of customer loan services. Because of that, the quality improvement process has not really brought high efficiency, the implementation is still sporadic, not comprehensive and synchronous.

![Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
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- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in peoples daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone companys network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
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