HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
CENTER FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
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NGUYEN THI KIM VUI
RESEARCH ON LIVELIHOODS OF PEOPLE IN THE BUFFER ZONE OF XUAN SON NATIONAL PARK, PHU THO PROVINCE
Major: Environment and Sustainable Development (Pilot Training Program)
MASTER'S THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR: PROFESSOR, DR. LE TRONG CUC
THANK YOU
With deep respect and gratitude, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor, Dr. Le Trong Cuc, who has wholeheartedly guided me throughout the process of writing and completing this thesis.
On this occasion, I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to the teachers working at the Center for Natural Resources and Environment Research - Vietnam National University, Hanoi for their dedication in teaching and creating favorable conditions for me during my study and thesis work at the Center.
I would also like to thank the leadership of Xuan Son National Park, the staff of the International Cooperation and Ecotourism Department - Xuan Son National Park, the local people and the forest protection team for creating favorable conditions for me during the time I was doing my thesis at Xuan Son National Park.
Although I have tried my best to complete the thesis, due to limited knowledge, experience and time, the thesis is inevitably flawed. Therefore, I look forward to receiving valuable comments from teachers and friends.
Thank you very much!
Hanoi, date ... month ... year 2016
Nguyen Thi Kim Vui
COMMITMENT
I hereby certify that this thesis is the result of my own actual work, carried out under the scientific guidance of Professor, Dr. Le Trong Cuc.
The research conclusions presented in this thesis are honest and have never been published in any research work.
I take full responsibility for my research.
Student
Nguyen Thi Kim Vui
INDEX
THANK YOU i
COMMITMENT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES AND GRAPHICS viii
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES 4
1.1.Concepts 4
1.1.1.Livelihoods, sustainable livelihoods and criteria 4
1.1.2. National Park buffer zone and functions 10
1.2. Summary of livelihood studies 13
1.2.1. Livelihood studies in the world 13
1.2.2. Livelihood studies in Vietnam 14
1.2.3. Livelihood studies in Xuan Son National Park 17
1.2.3.1.Overview of Xuan Son National Park 17
1.2.3.2. Livelihood studies in Xuan Son National Park 25
CHAPTER 2. LOCATION, TIME, SCOPE, METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS 28
2.1.Research location 28
2.1.1. Characteristics of the research commune: Xuan Son Commune 28
2.1.1.1.Natural conditions 28
2.1.1.2.Socio-economic conditions 30
2.2.Research time 30
2.3.Scope of research 31
2.4. Methodology 31
2.5.Research methods 32
2.5.1.Document inheritance method 33
2.5.2. Participatory Assessment (PRA) Method 33
2.5.3. Expert consultation method 35
2.5.4.Using DFID's Sustainable Livelihoods Framework 35
2.5.5.Research Question 36
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 37
3.1. Current status of natural resources of Xuan Son National Park 37
3.1.1. Land resources 37
3.1.2. Water resources 38
3.1.3. Climate and landscape resources 39
3.1.4. Biodiversity resources 40
3.1.4.1. Diversity of ecosystems and vegetation 40
3.1.4.2. Plant diversity 44
3.1.4.3. Animal diversity 47
3.2. Current status of people's livelihoods in the buffer zone of Xuan Son National Park 49
3.2.1. Livelihood resources and access level 52
3.2.1.1. Human capital 52
3.2.1.2. Natural capital 57
3.2.1.3. Financial capital 58
3.2.1.4. Social capital 58
3.2.1.5. Physical capital 61
3.2.2. External context 62
3.2.3. Livelihood strategies and outcomes 62
3.3. Analysis and assessment of livelihoods of people in the buffer zone of Xuan Son National Park 63
3.4. Proposing sustainable livelihood solutions 66
3.4.1. General solution 66
3.4.2. Technical solutions 67
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 69
4.1.Conclusion 69
4.1.1.Current status of natural resources of Xuan Son National Park 69
4.1.2.Current status of people's livelihoods in the buffer zone 70
4.2.Recommendation 71
REFERENCES 72
APPENDIX 76
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Climate change
Management Board
DFID Department for International Development, UK
DLST Ecotourism
Biodiversity Biodiversity
HST Ecosystem
KBT Conservation Area
Marine Protected Area
KBTTN Nature Reserve
Publishing House
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
PTBV Sustainable Development
SKBV Sustainable Livelihood
People's Committee People's Committee
National Park National Park
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: Area and population of the buffer zone of Xuan Son National Park 19
Table 2.1. SWOT matrix table 35
Table 3.1. Current status of land types in Xuan Son National Park 37
Table 3.2. Comparison of vegetation in regions 44
Table 3.3. Number of useful tree species in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho 45
Table 3.4. Summary of animal resources of Xuan Son National Park 47
Table 3.5. Current population status by commune in 2013 50
Table 3.6. Ethnic composition and poverty status 51
Table 3.7. Population and labor composition 51