Romantic Lyrical Ego in Anh Tho's Poetry.

Tomorrow the ditch will flow, The fields will be plowed and the winter-spring crop will be planted.

Spring comes, rice grows...".

(Ditch)

Or the livestock engineer - Hoang Thi Loan at Moc Chau farm, who takes care of the little sheep day and night, from very normal tasks like getting water for the sheep to drink, worrying and caring when the sheep are sick, when they give birth, to even missing the sheep when she has to leave them to go to school:

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"Who would have thought that there would be so many hardships? The cold afternoons, the dark nights, the sheep are always sick, giving birth rarely...

Who knows the worry, staying up all night?

(Sheep herding engineer)

The people appearing in Anh Tho's poems are not only happy and excited to be the masters of the country, to enjoy the right to live freely; they work and produce to enrich the country, but they are also the images of people on the roads of resistance. In labor, they are diligent and hard-working, and in combat they are brave and courageous. That is the image of the girl from Bac Son, who is willing to work hard to clear the fields, but when she heard that the French invaders were coming to invade, although she is a woman and has never held a weapon, she also went to practice shooting, sword fighting, planting spikes, and clearing the road to be determined to fight the French:

"Hearing the news: "The French are about to attack us" She went to five sessions to practice with guns and swords.

Rice balls to eat to break the sugar

Sharpened spikes and planted them all over the hills and fields for several days.

(Bac Son Girl)

The Tale of Vu Lang is considered Anh Tho's "first poem about the revolution". This is also considered a poem that marked a major turning point in her writing career. Although the poem does not directly mention the resistance war of the Vu Lang woman, the "woman in green", the main character in The Tale of Vu Lang, has the proud features of a new woman, standing side by side with men, participating in the silent but meaningful resistance war.

Let's read the poem " The Sound of Smashing Beans " written by Anh Tho in Ngoc Son. At first glance, the poem sounds like a poem about peace, but it is actually a poem about war, about the fighting spirit of women - both working and being ready to fight. Anh Tho contrasted the harsh sound of bombs and bullets with the calm sound of smashing beans in the yard:

"The sound of guns roared by the river. The sound of guns pounding was urgent. The sound of guns pounding was exciting.

We shot down three jets…”.

(Sound of beans)

and we also encounter that image in We Weave Nets . The poem describes women on the beach calmly weaving nets for their husbands and lovers to go fishing; but the praiseworthy beauty of that human image is that they do not just sit weaving nets, but guns are always slung over their shoulders, ready to shoot down American planes:

"With nimble hands, the net spreads the monsoon wind. Remember the afternoon of the battle

Quickly put down the net, gun slung over the shoulder.

Along the trenches running through the village, each position rang out with the sound of gunfire.

Still the hands weaving the net

Shoot down the plane in the middle of the sand dunes!".

(We weave nets)

Coming to Minh Khoi's Aircraft Hunting Team, we encounter a very different fighting atmosphere. This is a long poem, but when we read it, we do not feel stretched out because of the 140 verses that are very logically and tightly combined. The poem has drawn the reader from one idea to another in one breath of emotion. Minh Khoi's Aircraft Hunting Team has created a scene of on-the-spot fighting with a united spirit, a strong will of Minh Khoi's Aircraft Hunting Team in particular and of the whole nation in general. And this is considered a successful poem during Anh Tho's anti-American period:

"Here, the Minh Khoi plane hunting team With seven guns, seven people One day volunteered to receive the mission And the team together hunted the enemy in the sky!

…

The Americans are still coming! They still have to die! You've been blown to pieces many times in the East Sea.

When the wings break and fall in the middle of the village, let everyone see with their own eyes!

(Minh Khoi Aircraft Hunting Team)

It can be seen that Anh Tho's works after the revolution have shown the image of a wonderful, pure, and carefree person; a person who has just stepped out of the old life, set foot on the land of new life, eagerly welcomed and was ready to dedicate himself to the fatherland. The image of the new person in Anh Tho's poetry is very rich and diverse.

form with full faces. They are all revolutionary people participating in the struggle for national liberation and now they are not only fighting to be masters of their lives but more than that they are people undertaking the great mission of history which is people fighting to protect the Fatherland.

2. The lyrical ego in Anh Tho's poetry.

2.1. The romantic lyrical ego in Anh Tho's poetry.

New Poetry is the discovery of each person's honest, secret self. Almost all of New Poetry's inspiration is to find the self. The self feels and expresses itself in life as Xuan Dieu wrote: "I am just a love-sick guest", "I am just a small needle", "I am a deer caught in a net", or "I am a bird from a strange mountain".

If classical poetry describes the world that the author is aiming for or facing, then New Poetry is the contemplation of the individual ego in that world. This makes New Poetry change its point of view, a point of view from within the ego, through the romantic lens of the poet. Huy Can considers himself as:

"A small soul carrying eternal sorrow"

For Xuan Dieu, it is a self that always feels lonely and lost in life:

"I am one, I am unique, I am the first. There is no friend who can compare with me."

Che Lan Vien also felt that this life was so boring and meaningless that he returned to his own world of sadness and despair:

Give me a cold planet, a lonely star in the night sky, so that I can hide there day and night.

"Worries, pain, and sorrow."

And that is the man of New Poetry - the man of the romantic lonely ego.

Also in the flow of New Poetry, the people appearing in the poems of female poet Anh Tho also carry romantic sadness, but the poet does not delve into exploring, feeling, and expressing her inner world like Xuan Dieu, Che Lan Vien, Huy Can or other poets, but the poet sends her thoughts and reflections to the ordinary people around her.

The countryside paintings , as their name suggests, are poetic paintings depicting the countryside scenes of that time. The countryside in the years before the revolution was very sparse with a desolate, barren life. And just by looking at the life here, we can also see the people here.

In the poem "The Market is Over", the scene of the market with the few buyers, the unsold people sitting bored and frustrated... all show the author's contemplation of life and people, or sympathy and sharing with the fate of people who always have to face a life of poverty:

"Stay at the market and watch the buyers gradually leave. Those with unsold goods are fed up with the flies."

(Market is closed)

The image of the country people is that of thoughtful people, who think little, everything in their eyes becomes normal, they are content with their real life so that life flows peacefully without any worries:

"In the deserted village, the roosters crowed, Old ladies rocked their hammocks and sang, dozing off... Prostitutes sat sadly picking lice, Beside swarms of flies that had lost their breath from the sun."

(Summer noon)

We encounter the summer afternoon life of the countryside, in which the poet describes the poor rural living space with a hint of sadness before.

Scenery. With the flexible use of reduplicated words: the sound of chickens "xao xac", the sound of singing "thiu thiu", combined with the description of the life of "a prostitute sitting sadly, picking lice" shows us that the human world appears gloomy, boring, and sad.

Anh Tho not only painted the pensive, thoughtful faces, but also portrayed the deep sadness of the rural people. The poet felt the sadness of the people of his homeland, from their eyes to their hearts:

"On the vast blue sky, the stars look deep. Is this the sound of the heart? Or is it the sound of the deep night?"

(Dan Bau)

With the form of a rhetorical question, the verse seems to penetrate deep into the reader's heart an indescribable sadness and that sadness is expressed specifically by the poet:

"Had a dream in the heart of the peaceful night; Let out a cold sigh of loneliness".

It is both the sadness and the pity of lonely, isolated souls. They always live in sadness, so in their sleep - the peaceful place of their souls - they are still haunted by a cold, lonely sigh, because life is so deprived and miserable.

Or in the poem "The Ferry at Midsummer", Anh Tho recreated the poor, monotonous life of the villagers to highlight the psychological characteristics of people:

"In a tea shop hidden behind a row of tamarinds, a few people stopped by on their way to the market.

Sad and quiet, they sat listening to the distant crowing of the noon roosters.

(Summer noon ferry dock)

Romantic poetry often describes sadness by choosing images and sounds. The image of life here appears very quiet, desolate, deserted; there are people appearing but only in a sad, silent state; they close themselves off and listen to their own sadness in the midst of a "silent, sad" life. The sound of the noon rooster crowing "in the distance" is also very vague, distant... all the more highlighting the desolation of life and a vast, empty sadness in people's hearts.

People in the poetess's poems before the revolution seemed to be used to a monotonous, boring, and dull life, so people did not turn to each other or find each other in life:

"In the dark house, the old woman pulled up the mat tightly, hugging her tired grandchild and falling asleep.

Outside the inn, the patrolman stopped smoking his cigarette and heard the sound of drums beating on the dike.

(Autumn night)

The image of a tired old woman hugging her sleeping grandchild in the house, while the patrolman outside the brothel stops smoking; two people coexisting in the same environment but they are separated like a strange world.

And Anh Tho's study of the world of human life is also her study of their spiritual life:

"On the deserted wharf, immersed in the cold, a few empty shops stood around. A boatman pulled his sail in to smoke a cigarette.

The shabby lady was suffocating and coughing.

(The old ferry)

The image of a ferry is a symbol of human life. Wherever there is a ferry, there will be hustle and bustle, but here it is a deserted ferry - a ferry.

deserted, desolate; in addition, the image of a few shops without a single customer, deserted and desolate, further increases the desolation and desolation of the countryside before the revolution. Behind the image of life are people appearing in disjointed, dull relationships. That is "a driver" - a person - evoking loneliness, solitude, smoking a cigarette and the smoke makes the saleswoman cough; the word "mac" describes the indifference and lack of concern for each other between people, the relationship between people is really disjointed and meaningless.

It can be seen that, through sensitive and subtle observations; Anh Tho has painted a picture of the monotonous, dull, and boring life of Vietnamese rural society before the August Revolution. And hidden behind that life is the image of people with a vague, vague sadness. That is also the sadness of the New Poetry era that the poet wants to convey. At the same time, through the picture of life and people, the poet also expressed deep sympathy for the lives of poor people in the countryside in the years before the revolution.

2.2. The revolutionary lyrical ego.

2.2.1. From individual consciousness to civic consciousness.

The new poets after the August Revolution were grateful to the new life because it helped them "plant poetry back into the soil" (Xuan Dieu), but the process of accumulating new life capital, new emotions and poetic inspiration was a complex process that had to go through many experiences, difficult and arduous explorations. After the joyful verses welcoming the revolution with enthusiasm and passion, most poets such as Xuan Dieu, Huy Can, and Che Lan Vien stagnated for a while. "To You" (1952) by Che Lan Vien is a collection of poems in which prose thinking overwhelmed poetic thinking. After "The Flag of the Nation" and "The National Conference" , Xuan Dieu only wrote a few experimental poems, in which "the old lyrical self had disappeared, and the new lyrical self had not yet appeared, so the poetry lacked expressive depth". Te Hanh also had to admit that "my groping could have lasted throughout the entire resistance war against the French" [19, p.59].