In 1999, the amount mobilized from the community for relief aid reached 100 billion VND, equal to 1/3 of the Government's budget for relief aid for flood-hit areas; in the 2009 support campaign for the people of the central region, the amount donated through the Central Relief Fund was 43,255,004,651 VND and 410 USD. Organizations and individuals can directly support social welfare beneficiaries, or through organizations such as the Central Relief Fund, the Red Cross... Direct relief creates a sense of security and trust for those who provide relief, and beneficiaries receive relief funds more quickly, with procedures that are not too complicated... However, this form of relief is not deeply communal, and is heavily influenced by the subject providing relief, and the beneficiaries are not uniform. Current forms of support through organizations still cause many doubts among people about how to use and manage that support source.
It can be seen that compared to the funding source of social insurance, the funding source of social work has similarities: ensuring social justice based on the mechanism of income redistribution; the participation of the state budget and the state mechanism always plays a leading role in the operation, management and use of the fund. Besides, there are differences between the funding sources of social insurance and social work. First is the financial source: Social insurance has a compulsory financial source arising from employees, employers, the state, other sources such as interest from investment activities... and there is also a voluntary source mainly formed by contributions from social insurance participants; the financial source of social work includes sources from the state budget, sources from the community and international aid sources. In terms of characteristics: Social insurance does not have a profit target, multi-subject nature, public nature,... Social work has quite diverse financial resources. In terms of means: Social insurance is mainly in cash, less in services and in kind; Social work exists at the same time different means are money, services, and goods.
3. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL RELIEF ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM.
Social work activities are carried out by the State, the community, and individuals, but all relief activities are under the management of the State. Social work is currently organized and directed from the central to the grassroots level, both vertically and regionally, but all have a consistent goal of helping social work beneficiaries.
*At the central level, the main responsible agency is the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs and the specialized agency is the Department of Social Protection. The Ministry of Labor performs the function of state management of social relief activities through researching and promulgating laws, policies and regimes for social work. At the same time, coordinate with relevant officials and departments such as the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Fisheries and the People's Committees of provinces and centrally run cities to determine the level of damage to people's livelihood and hunger caused by natural disasters, synthesize and propose the level of support from the central budget to submit to the Prime Minister for decision.
Maybe you are interested!
-
Regulations of Vietnamese Law on Voluntary Social Insurance -
Natural, Economic and Social Characteristics of Hanoi and Organizational Structure of People's Court in Hanoi City -
Social Insurance Law for Vietnamese workers working abroad in Japan - 8 -
Signing and implementing social housing lease-purchase contracts according to Vietnamese law - 10 -
Signing and implementing social housing lease-purchase contracts according to Vietnamese law - 1
*At the provincial level, the main professional agency responsible is the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs. The Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs performs:
Determine the level of subsidy and assistance for social welfare beneficiaries and submit it to the Chairman of the Provincial People's Committee for decision.
Manage social work subjects in the area; transfer records of families and individuals who are raising orphans...
Guide, inspect and supervise district level to organize, manage and implement subsidy and assistance policies in the area.
Every year, the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs prepares a plan for regular and ad hoc social work allowances and sends it to the Department of Finance and the Department of Investment for submission to the Chairman of the Provincial People's Committee for decision.
Prepare budget and plan for social work budget allocation
Prepare regular and ad hoc reports for the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs
District level directs the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs to implement
Manage social work subjects in the area.
Guide and inspect commune level in identifying and managing subjects.
Receive and appraise applications for district-level social assistance.
Summarize periodic reports and reports as requested by superiors
Commune and ward level
Manage social protection beneficiaries in the area.
Implement social benefits payments.
District level report on the number of beneficiaries of social security
Payment of social benefits.
Thus, according to the provisions of current law, social work is organized and implemented uniformly from the central to local levels. The responsibilities of each specific agency are clearly defined, ensuring smooth operations and regular updates.
However, the current organizational structure has many shortcomings:
Firstly , the organization and implementation of State social work management is assigned to the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, but financial management is not proactive but depends on the Ministry of Finance. Point (b), Clause 1, Article 19 of Decree 67/2007/ND-CP stipulates that the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs "coordinates with the Ministry of Finance to arrange social assistance funds for ministries, branches and localities; inspects the use of funds to implement local relief policies". The above regulation is inappropriate for the following reasons:
The Ministry of Finance cannot clearly understand and closely grasp the policies, subjects, levels... of social work subjects, so it cannot base on the report of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs to submit to the Government for approval of the subsidy level for social work subjects to enjoy. This regulation is only a formality, causing more cumbersome procedures in subsidizing funding for activities.
g CTXH
Funding for relief is not only from the state budget but also from many other sources, possibly through organizations such as the Fatherland Front, the Flood and Storm Prevention Committee, the Red Cross... If the intervention of the Ministry of Finance is not effective, it will contribute to increasing the complexity and difficulty in managing the social work situation in general and finance in particular.
Second , the above provisions of the law for all levels and sectors implementing social work only stop at monitoring and counting the number of social work subjects; making reports; making lists... but lack a specialized department in charge of social work from calling for support, managing social work funds, consulting for social work subjects... This is a huge limitation in the current organization of social work. Therefore, social work support activities, especially sudden social work in the community are only spontaneous and follow the movement such as for cadres and employees deducting daily wages, associations and unions calling for material support... People support but it is unclear how much of the contribution reaches the people in need of relief? How is it used?
CHAPTER 3
SHORTCOMINGS AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING SOCIAL ASSISTANCE LAW IN VIETNAM
1. ACHIEVEMENTS AND DIFFICULTIES AND LIMITATIONS IN IMPLEMENTING RELIEF ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM.
Identifying social work as one of the important protection mechanisms, our State has paid great attention to relief activities. Compared to many countries in the region, Vietnam is a country with a fairly comprehensive and diverse relief program, from organizations that donate and provide relief in cases of natural disasters, support in cash or in kind such as rice, medicine, clothes, food, housing construction materials, etc.; emergency relief in cash, property and help to stabilize initial housing for victims of epidemics or other disasters; protection, care; education of disabled children; creating conditions for disabled children to be able to work; support themselves; help their families and society, live in equal integration with the community; provide capital, means to develop the family economy, financial and material support in medical examination and treatment, giving gifts, scholarships and other forms of regular support.
According to the report on the afternoon of January 16, 2009, the Department of Social Protection held a Conference to summarize the work of 2008 and deploy the work program of 2009. Attending were Deputy Ministers of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs Bui Hong Linh, Phung Ngoc Hung, and representatives of leaders of units related to the Ministry. On behalf of the Department's leaders, Director Nguyen Trong Dam presented a Report on the implementation of the targets and tasks of 2008 and the Program of 2009 of the Department of Social Protection with some results and main contents as follows:
*Regarding document drafting: last year, the Department consulted on drafting and submitting for promulgation 9 documents, including 5 Government-level documents and 4 local-level documents.
Ministry. The documents currently under construction are: Research project on human rights law.
disabilities, Project on development of social work profession; Circular guiding some articles of Decree No. 68...; comments on 22 Resolutions and decisions of the Prime Minister and Circulars of relevant Ministries and branches...
Poverty reduction results, by the end of 2008, the national poverty rate was about 13.08%, down 1.66% compared to 2007, not reaching the set target of reducing it to about 12% due to the impact of many socio-economic factors, natural disasters, storms and floods.
*Regarding emergency assistance: based on local requests and through actual inspections, the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs has discussed and agreed with relevant ministries and branches, considering the Government's request to support the above provinces with 40,000 tons of rice and 825 billion VND in food aid to alleviate hunger and overcome natural disasters. At the same time, it has also instructed localities to review and provide timely relief to nearly 1.4 million people...
*Regarding social policy: Directing and guiding localities to implement Decree No. 67/2007/ND-CP on social assistance policies. Up to now, 63/63 provinces have completed the review and listing of subjects with a total of about 1.13 million people. During the year, thanks to the development and application of software for managing social protection subjects according to Decree 67, the management of subjects has been initially standardized. It is estimated that up to now, about 90% and by 2009, 100% of subjects eligible for subsidies under this Decree will receive subsidies.
*For the field of people with disabilities: up to now, 30 provinces and cities have plans and projects to support people with disabilities (Project 329) at the provincial level; 24 provinces and cities have conducted surveys and statistics on people with disabilities, provided social assistance to subjects specified in Decree 67/2007/ND-CP, provided guidance on establishing self-help groups for people with disabilities, issued health insurance cards, supported education, vocational training to create jobs, borrowed capital to develop production, renovated public works and traffic to ensure access for people with disabilities...
*Regarding the implementation of the Ordinance on the Elderly and the National Action Program on the Elderly: nearly 3.1 million people (40% of the elderly) have received pensions and social insurance benefits or policies for people with meritorious services and social benefits; over 57% of households with elderly people have a standard of living equal to or higher than the average living standard of the community; 93.88% of the elderly are examined, treated and receive care from their families, of which about 32.6% are supported by the state and organizations; the rest are from household savings or support from the community...
*Regarding social work: under the direction of the government, the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs is continuing to coordinate with relevant ministries, branches and international partners to develop a Project on Developing the Social Work Profession; Researching and innovating the activities of Social Protection Centers; Presenting and preparing to implement the project "Caring for children and minors in special circumstances" funded by UNICEF; urging and guiding localities to implement the models of "Social Houses" and "Small Houses in Social Protection Centers" to care for children in a number of localities. In 2008, the social house model was implemented in Hanoi, Ha Tay, Dak Lak, Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Ba Ria-Vung Tau. The model of small houses in the social protection centers in Phu Tho, Son La, Hai Duong, Bac Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Khanh Hoa... The report also proposed a plan to implement the tasks in 2009, the rate of poor households in our country will decrease to 12%; regarding assistance to social protection beneficiaries, ensuring that 100% of eligible beneficiaries and those with documents will receive subsidies according to Decree 67/2007/ND-CP; regarding people's lives: ensuring stable lives, especially in ethnic minority areas, remote areas, border areas, and people in areas affected by natural disasters, ensuring that no one will go hungry due to lack of food. Concluding the conference, along with the tasks mentioned in the above report, Deputy Minister Bui Hong Linh directed that in the coming year, in addition to focusing on organizing the good implementation of the Government's Resolution on rapid and sustainable poverty reduction in poor districts, social protection work needs to be given more special attention.
to social security, especially focusing on pressing issues and vulnerable groups such as the poor, children in special circumstances, the disabled... Along with that, people working in social protection also need to pay more attention to propaganda, dissemination and implementation of policies, know how to promote their hearts, feelings and responsibilities towards the country and the whole society, in their work they also need to enhance the spirit of solidarity, humanity, know how to coordinate and share to succeed together... Some relief activities that have been carried out can be mentioned as:
- Support 250 billion VND to help primary school students in difficult areas.
The Primary Education Project for Disadvantaged Children (PEDC) said: To increase the opportunity to go to school for children in the 40 most disadvantaged provinces in the country, since the beginning of the 2008-2009 school year, PEDC has spent 250 billion VND, directly supporting 2.15 million students, each student 32,000 VND to buy minimum school supplies: notebooks, pens,... with a total amount of 68 billion VND.
To help schools in disadvantaged areas have sufficient supplies and minimum equipment to organize teaching and learning, PEDC has spent 8 billion VND to support stationery for 80,000 primary school classrooms, 100,000 VND per class; spent 75 billion VND to support the School Support Fund with 8 million VND for main schools and 2.8 million VND for satellite schools. A total of 4,800 primary schools and 17,500 satellite schools received this support.
Ethnic minority children preparing to enter grade 1 in the 2008-2009 school year are enrolled in “pre-school” classes. PEDC has organized 5,000 classes, mainly in ethnic minority communes in the Northwest and Central Highlands... On average, each class receives support of 8 million VND.
In addition, each student is directly supported with school supplies: 20,000 VND/student. Each class is supported with stationery of 200,000 VND. Teachers receive a 2-month allowance.
- Support money and rice for localities affected by storm No. 6 in 2008