Looking at the chart above, it can be seen that of the 200 single women surveyed, the majority are farmers (41.5%); workers (28%); civil servants (25%); traders (13%); the remaining are retired or housewives (8%). It can be seen that, being an agricultural district, the number of single women raising children as "farmers" is quite high at 42%.
2.3. Material life of single mothers in Phu Giao district, Binh Duong province
Income and household living expenses of single mothers with children
A survey of the average monthly income of single-parent families shows that income under 3 million accounts for 26%; from 3 million to under 6 million accounts for 49.5%; from 6 million to under 9 million accounts for 14.5%; from 9 to 12 million accounts for 8%; over 12 million accounts for 1%; other income levels account for 8%. Thus, it can be seen that the average monthly income of single-parent families is mostly from 3 million to under 6 million VND, accounting for 50%.
In addition to income, the study shows that the average monthly living expenses of single-parent families are: Under 3 million VND accounts for 22.5%; from 3 million to under 6 million VND accounts for 56.5%; from 6 million to under 9 million VND accounts for 15.5%; from 9 million to under 9 million VND accounts for 15.5%.
Up to 12 million accounts for 4.5%; over 12 million accounts for 1%; other expenses account for 8%. Thus, the average total living expenses in a family of a single mother raising children is mostly from 3 to under 6 million VND, accounting for over 56%.
The survey results show that there is not much difference between the income and expenses of single mothers (average from 3 to under 6 million VND). However, the income level is still lower than the living expenses of single mothers.
Table 2. Household items purchased by the disabled
Status
Household items that PNĐTNC can buy | Frequency (N) | Rate (%) | |
1 | TV | 168 | 84 |
2 | Washing machine | 87 | 43.5 |
3 | Fridge | 142 | 71 |
4 | Cable TV, digital | 41 | 20.5 |
5 | Cellular phone | 179 | 89.5 |
6 | Computer | 20 | 10 |
7 | Disc, speakers | 20 | 10 |
8 | Air-conditioner | 30 | 15 |
9 | Motorcycle | 177 | 88.5 |
10 | Car | 5 | 2.5 |
Total | 869 | 434.5 |
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(Source: Survey data April 2018)
Looking at the table above, it shows that the percentage of household items purchased by single mothers with children is as follows: the most are mobile phones (89.5%); motorbikes (88.5%); televisions (84%); refrigerators (71%); washing machines (43.5%); digital cable television (20.5%); air conditioners (15%); stereos, speakers (10%); computers (10%); cars are the least (2.5%). Thus, there are 869 choices out of a total of 200 votes. Through the results
The survey shows that most single-mother families can afford to buy necessary items such as motorbikes, mobile phones, televisions, and refrigerators. Nearly 44% of single-mother families can afford to buy washing machines. Other items such as air conditioners, cable television, and speakers are the least likely to be purchased.
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
What kind of family is this?
0
poor
Average cough
Ho gia
Poor people Poor people
What kind of family is this?
Chart 4. Types of single-mother households with children
(Source: Survey data April 2018)
The chart above shows that single mothers raising children in poor households account for 5%; near-poor households account for 13.5%; average households account for 67%; well-off households account for 11.5%; and rich households account for 0.5%. Most families with single mothers raising children are in average households (67%), while the rate of near-poor and poor households is still quite high (18.5%).
2.4. Spiritual life of single mothers raising children in Phu Giao district, Binh Duong province
Working hours and free time activities of single mothers with children
The working time of single mothers with children is mainly "8 hours" (52%), "10 hours" (35%). Thus, it can be seen that single mothers with children do jobs and occupations that do not take up much time. Therefore, single mothers with children have more time to "Sleep, rest" in their free time, at a rate of (55.6%); in addition, "Watching TV" is also chosen by many women in their free time (44.9%) and teaching children (25.8%). The least chosen activities by single mothers with children are "Shopping" (frequency 1 time) and "Going to the supermarket" (frequency 3 times). This shows that due to the difficult life, being an agricultural district far from the city center, single mothers have less conditions to spend on shopping and going to the supermarket.
Number of trips in a year
50
40
30
20
10
0
One time
2 times
On 3 times
Don't go
Number of trips in a year
Chart 5. Number of trips per year by single mothers with children
(Source: Survey data April 2018)
Single mothers with children choose to travel “once” a year the most, while some “don’t go”. Single mothers with children travel twice (10%), “more than 3 times” in a year is the lowest percentage (3%). This shows that single mothers with children also spend time traveling, however, not many, most of them can travel once a year, the rest also have few conditions to travel, accounting for a high percentage of over 40%.
Research shows that the reasons why single women do not travel are “not enough money”, “not enough time”, and a few are due to poor health and do not like to travel. It shows that single women with children do not have the conditions to travel because they do not have money and do not have time.
o participate in local council activities
Completely non-involved
Regularly
Very rarely
Occasionally
Missing
Chart 6. Participation in activities of associations, organizations, groups
(Source: Survey data April 2018)
The organization that single mothers with children participate in the most is the “Women’s Union”, with a rate of (93.3%). Next is the “Red Cross” with a rate of (51.8%) and the “Farmers’ Association” with a rate of (41%). However, most women only occasionally participate in activities with the organizations.
The results show that single women also participate in social activities with local associations, but their participation in activities with associations is not high and not regular. And they also know and participate in the Women's Union quite a lot, accounting for 93.3%.
2.5. Health status of single mothers in Phu Giao district, Binh Duong province
How often should I go for a regular health check-up?
6 months
Missing
3 men
2 men
1 male
The research results show that the majority of single mothers have "Normal" health, a few have "Good" and "Very Good" health, and some women say they have "Not Good" health.
Why don't you go for a medical check-up?
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
No money
No disease
Other
No time No interest
Reasons for not going for regular health checkups
Chart 7, 8. Periodic health check-ups of PNĐTNC
(Source: Survey data April 2018)
Single women with children are more interested in regular health check-ups, accounting for a percentage of (64.5%), usually every "1 year" they have a check-up.
times, a few have regular check-ups every 6 months. However, there are also about 32% who "Do not go for regular health check-ups", the main reasons are "No money", "No time". There are also a few women who "do not care" about their health.
100
80
60
40
20
Insurance type currently participating
0
Social insurance
Medical insurance
Other insurance
Insurance type currently participating
Chart 9. Types of insurance that single women are participating in
(Source: Survey data April 2018)
Single mothers with children mainly participate in “Health Insurance” (75%), followed by “Social Insurance”. This shows that single mothers are also more concerned about their health and understand the benefits of participating in insurance.
When single mothers with children get sick, they mostly go to the hospital (68%), a small number of them "Buy their own medicine" and "Go to the health station". When they get sick, the people who take care of them are mainly "Children", "Brothers and sisters", "Birthday parents". The rest rely on friends and neighbors for help, there are still single women who have no one to take care of them when they fall ill.
2.6. The needs of single mothers in Phu Giao district
Employment needs of female laborers: the demand for "Rubber tapping" is the highest, followed by the demand for "Working in companies and factories". Some women also want to do other jobs such as: Growing mushrooms, growing orchids, etc.
This is also understandable about the job needs of single women because it is an agricultural district, so the needs are also interested in rubber tapping, which is the most chosen. However, in recent times, there have been fluctuations in the price of rubber, the income is not high, some women have sought other jobs in companies and factories, so it is obvious that some women want to work in companies and factories.
The need for free vocational training for single women raising children: the need for free vocational training in “Cooking for parties” is the highest, followed by the need for vocational training in “Household sewing”. According to Decision No. 1956/QD-TTg, dated November 27, 2009 of the Prime Minister approving the Project on “Vocational training for rural workers until 2020”, there is a support policy for vocational learners.
Loan demand of single women raising children: Women have the highest demand for loans from the "Clean water and environmental sanitation" source, followed by the demand for loans from "Supporting children's education costs" and "Capital for small business".
Health care needs of single mothers: Women have the highest need to learn about "Prevention of cervical cancer", followed by the need to learn about "Prevention of breast cancer".
Need for support in knowledge of farming and livestock raising of single women: Many women need support in “Knowledge of raising pigs, chickens, ducks”, followed by the need for support in “Knowledge of growing fruit trees”. Thus, in addition to their main job, single women also want to have more knowledge about farming and livestock raising to increase their family income, ensuring the life of a single family.