writhing in the final stages of the impoverishment process with endless hunger, wandering villages, ruined fates, the disintegration of human relationships, the despair of individuals, the degeneration of personality... Nam Cao's policy is that literature must reflect reality, not escape from the reality of life, he wrote: "Art does not need to be a deceptive moonlight, should not be a deceptive moonlight, art can only be the sound of suffering escaping from miserable lives.
...” ( Bright Moon ).
Nam Cao's artistic style is a strict realistic style. A style that advocates penetrating to the bottom of the truth. Penetrating to the very thoughts, every extremely detailed calculation. For Nam Cao, every truth needs to be exposed, there is nothing that cannot be dug up again. Reading Nam Cao, we have the opportunity to expose and compare to the bottom of the truth, and through that, contemplate the diversity and polyphony of life. It can be said that a realism, a Nam Cao realistic style, a Nam Cao tone are the imprints and stand out strongly on Nam Cao's literary pages in the early 1940s.
If Nguyen Cong Hoan's short stories are close to plays, Nam Cao's stories are a sad gray stream of prose - everyday life. Although many of Nam Cao's works are often structured according to the time axis, following the life of the character or a long period of life. He is also the one who successfully built the type of story without a plot, with a structure based on the character's psychology ( Bright Moon, Surplus Life, Stories That Don't Want to Write, Living in the Dark, ...). However, the realistic and narrative elements still dominate and are dense in Nam Cao's works. Reading his stories, people still have a heavy feeling, haunted by the lives, the tragic and painful fates.
In contrast to the realistic creative movement - art for life's sake is the romantic movement - art for art's sake of the Tu Luc Van Doan group.
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with key writers: Nhat Linh, Khai Hung, Hoang Dao. The literature of Tu Luc Van Doan is too far from everyday life or has a utopian nature, escaping from the reality of life. Notably, the works around 1939-1940 ( Dep, Thanh Duc, Buom Trang) somewhat romanticized life, sometimes limited to the scope of bourgeois life, with cars, mansions, beach villas, gold mines, plantations, businesses in big cities, a life full of sensuality, love triangles, love quadrangles with innocent, charming young women, literary salons, dancing, swimming, music, painting, very luxurious parties, debauchery sessions that lasted until morning at nightclubs... In general, the authors of Tu Luc Van Doan focused on exploiting the themes of love, marriage, conflicts in the soul, conflicts between individuals and families, love and duty, aspirations and circumstances, the desire to live and illness, depravity and dignity... but rarely mentioned, looking directly at the hunger and suffering of the poor class as a type of crowd character in the contemporary realistic picture.
The Butterfly Dream Fairy Soul ( 1933) by Khai Hung is the first novel
of Self-reliance
paragraph
write about one
The couple met by chance .
each other in Long Gia - a temple in the midland of the North. After
Ngoc discovered that the little monk Lan was a girl, Ngoc and Lan fell in love. But on Saturday afternoons , Ngoc and Lan still met regularly, but they decided not to have sex .
get married, because want to enjoy a true love
g man
keep nature
poetry
under the Buddha 's teachings .
Doan
great
- Nhat Linh tells about the beautiful girl
new school
name
Loan has a life
life is unfortunate when you have to laugh alone
someone you never knew
love according to family arrangement. Loan loves Dung but has to get married
married Than . She was abused by her husband's family.
band
to the extreme suffering . Loan
After giving birth to a son, she had to undergo surgery and was told she could not have children.
okay. Loan's son got sick, her mother-in-law asked the shaman to perform a spell, the child got sicker and then was taken to the hospital, but it was too late. The whole family blamed Loan for believing that western medicine would kill the child who would continue the family line, she was severely beaten and scolded. Her husband took a concubine, Loan had to accept it. One evening Loan was reading a book, Than was grumpy and told her to turn off the lights, Loan could not stand it anymore, and said
disobedient attitude. Than was angry and beat his wife brutally. Loan held a knife to block when her husband was about to hit her with a bronze vase. He slipped and fell, stabbed himself in the knife, and died. Loan was arrested and felt like she was freed from prison. The couple, teacher Thao, Loan's close friend, found a lawyer for her. The lawyer defended her very eloquently, the certificate of the governor, the servant's testimony matched the defendant's true testimony. The court acquitted her, Loan was happy to see the light of freedom. For the past six years, Dung regretted not being able to save Loan. He asked Thao to contact Loan so that he and she could live a new life together, forgetting that heavy past.
The Path of the Emperor is a story about the psychological changes that changed the life of an intellectual youth in Hanoi before 1945. His name is Duy , he is educated and comes from a wealthy family. As a child, Duy grew up in the countryside, so his soul is pure and simple, but growing up in the middle of the city, with money in his pocket, he became a rich man.
With hands and knowledge in mind, Duy , like most young people of the same generation living in the country under the yoke of colonial rule, was frustrated and drifted into depravity. Then Duy gradually found a way to save himself. Duy returned to his old hometown because there he hoped to find an environment free from the dust of prosperity and also there was Tho , a country girl, his friend when he had a topknot, a simple, holy image like a lighthouse guiding his precarious life. Duy felt that finding happiness in establishing a village and building a plantation meant finding a bright path for himself.
Different from the two trends mentioned above, Thach Lam has harmonized between romanticism and realism. Romanticism and realism blend together in Thach Lam's writing, creating a unique beauty for his writing: gentle, melancholy, yet still pervasive and penetrating. Reading the miserable scenes in Thach Lam's stories, we do not feel suffocated and cramped like in the stories of Nguyen Cong Hoan, Ngo Tat To, Nguyen Hong, Nam Cao, but its power of movement is no less effective. Thach Lam's romanticism is different from that of Khai Hung and Nhat Linh. Thach Lam's romanticism is moderate, it often follows the direction of sentimentality and aesthetics. It has less utopianism and idealism like Khai Hung's Butterfly Dream Fairy , it is also not fiercely romantic like Life in the Wind and Rain, White Butterfly and Thanh Duc of Nhat Linh and Khai Hung...
Up to now, according to most researchers, Thach Lam is still considered a romantic writer whose works have many realistic elements. Thach Lam has a clear concept of the mission of literature: "For me, literature is not a way to bring readers escape or forgetfulness, on the contrary, literature is a noble and effective weapon with which we can both denounce and change a false and cruel world, and make people's hearts purer and richer". Here, the two aspects of both denouncing and constructing have been paid attention to by Thach Lam, the imprints of realism and romance are both connected in this concept.
That is a mark of realism that we can easily find in many of Thach Lam's works. According to Professor Phan Cu De, "Some of Thach Lam's stories tend towards realism. The endings of the stories Hunger, Mother Le's House, Two Deaths, Thirty Nights ... are so painful, but that is the truth. Here Thach Lam uses a sober realism style, it is not satisfied with
any aesthetic coloring ( Under the shade of the magnolia ), with any illusory, subjective solution of romanticism ( Shadow of the Ancients, New Day )” [6; 273].
Under the pen of realistic writers, people seem to struggle with poverty and hunger all year round, they have little time to live for themselves and for others. We can see these heartbreaking realities in the writings of Thach Lam. For example, in the short stories The Cold Wind of the Beginning of the Season, Mother Le's House, Two Deaths, Thirty Nights ... there are pages that move readers to tears and are filled with sorrow.
But besides the harsh realism, Thach Lam's literature is rich in lyrical and romantic elements. The romanticism of Thach Lam in general must be understood in the characteristics of Vietnamese romanticism from which it was born and influenced by many literary streams that existed at the same time - realistic literature and revolutionary literature, so there is no pure romanticism.
First of all, we encounter a romantic mark in Thach Lam's writing in the wistfulness before the pure beauty of human love in Under the shade of the magnolia . The space of the story here is very quiet and full of fragrance. Time is like in a state of stagnation. The stagnation begins when the main character Thanh returns from the province: "The scenery is still the same, the house is still quiet and his wife is still white-haired and gentle". Until Thanh leaves: "He is still too young and goes far away". That is the stagnation in the changing world. If the change is in the direction of decline and pessimism, then stagnation is to hold on, to preserve the good things, the joy and support for people. The main character in Under the shade of magnolia leaves for the city, but cannot stop missing the homeland, where there is a person
The girl “still waits for him, still misses him like before. Every season she puts magnolia flowers in her hair to remember the scent”.
The story " Two Children" is a realistic picture of a poor district town, both
like a special lyric poem. It sows in the reader a lingering sadness about human life.
If in Nam Cao, there are scenes of miserable reality with tears, hunger, food and oppression, then in Thach Lam's literature, real life is "measured by" a certain "romantic" unit. His pen strokes have sketched in a very gentle and flexible way. The district town is poor and there are many reasons for people to rush into the struggle for survival. But here, there is a truly harmonious atmosphere, warm with humanity and when each person leaves, they will certainly still retain the familiar warmth despite being very sad.
Returning to the nightlife scene in the district town, the romanticism does not stop at the general scene but is absorbed in the pages about the Lien sisters. This is the point the writer focused on depicting. Lien made an impression.
by a deep inner self, originating from a sentimental person. When the night began to fall, it was also the time when Lien felt a deep sadness before the end of the day. That feeling of sadness was evoked by the scene of the desolate district town in the sound of the autumn drum echoing like it was sucking people's souls. Suddenly, a scene made her feel pity: those were the little boys walking back and forth in the long-gone market to pick up pieces of
ice cream sticks and what else is useful to them. Preschool and narrative , romantic and
porch
food
like a flower
The collision caused the emotions of the Union to change .
should be beautiful
to be honest
Thach Lam 's lyrical short stories often have simple plots, the flow of the story is a flow of mood with subtle and qualitative variations.
lyricism and reality intertwine, behind the work looms a kind-hearted ego... For example, to create the lyrical nuances in "Two Children" are mainly sad emotions and a whispering, calm, and passionate voice, through the description of the scene and mood. Reading Thach Lam's short stories, we clearly love and appreciate people more.
In Thach Lam's stories, the lyrical element is expressed quite attractively, with poetic descriptions of nature, and quite delicate descriptions of the human soul. With the ability to understand and deeply feel the inner world of the characters, Thach Lam wrote beautiful and poetic sentences describing the scene:
“I sat near the window looking out into the yard. Outside, the full moon was shining brightly, the lime-washed walls were shining brightly. Two rows of orchid pots cast shadows on the yard, the dark orchid leaves glistening in the curved moonlight. The moment was very peaceful and interesting. I quietly enjoyed the honeyed breeze of the night ” ( A Hair – Thach Lam).
The lyrical element in the above passage is expressed through space and time. The space is filled with bright moonlight, in silence and dreaminess…, the space of the poetic place is soft and gentle. The quiet night time makes the reader’s soul feel strangely calm. The whole passage is like a beautiful lyrical poem about nature and human hearts.
The harmony between realism and romanticism helped Thach Lam have a gentle and elegant literary style, revealing his wonderful and pure literary character.
In short, in this chapter we will try to understand the creative journey of Thach Lam , first analyzing the intersection between fictional and narrative elements in prose and the highlight is Thach Lam 's prose . From there we recognize
see story
Thach Lam is a rich and simple story .
no conflict mining
social
expressionist
feel the same way
emotions, gentle and delicate feelings in people 's daily life . The romantic and narrative elements in Thach Lam 's prose blend together
each other
how to harm a . Unlike the present
letter, with narrative elements
always take the lead
and the Self - Reliant
In the literature , the preposition always takes the lead .
great in expressing the meaning of the work. The story is a harmonious blend of these two elements .
Thach Lam's has balance
story
In general, Thach Lam 's stories were born and developed from his gentle personality . He is a writer of emotional states of his characters .
he has a girlfriend
g ma, the house seems to be just feeling itself to express
state
life is a letter . Therefore , many of his works are like a poem .
According to the character's feelings and emotions , the tone in Thach Lam's writing is often
gentle, calm
h, unique narrative styleIf there is an objective narrative at first
Then Thach Lam quickly gave the character a name .
steam
close
into character (One
This is a
cause
should be good
The love is still in Thach Lam's prose. With a concise writing style.
love , love
feel , simple
simple but soft, rich in form, readable
review literature, soul
read
as in the picture
higher bar. That's creative .
so attractive
and beautiful
in our products
Thach Lam made those works live forever in the souls of literature lovers of the country . It is a unique lyrical prose style.