Data between bank headquarters and distribution channels such as branches, Internet, wireless networks, etc. helps to process requests and serve customers more quickly and accurately. Internet and science and technology have increased the connection and sharing of information with banks, partners, customers, management agencies, etc. Some advanced banks in the world have built this model and are aiming to build a complete electronic bank.
E-banking : is the ideal model of an online bank in the electronic economy, a complete change in business model and management style. These banks will take advantage of the real power of the global network to provide all financial solutions to customers with the best quality. From the initial steps of providing existing products and services through many separate channels, banks can use these multiple communication channels to provide different solutions for each specialized customer group.
2.1.3 Popular e-banking services
Internet banking : Internet Banking is a distribution channel for banking products and services, bringing banking products and services to each customer's home or office. With a computer connected to the Internet, customers can access Internet Banking anywhere, anytime. Customers with a bank account with an access code (Username) and access password (Password) provided by the bank can monitor transactions arising on their account. Through Internet Banking service, customers can perform a number of transactions such as: viewing account information, transferring money, viewing interest rate notifications, exchange rate notifications, service fee schedules and other information of the bank, paying bills for goods and services that customers have used, transferring data information from Internet Banking to customers' application software, etc.
Home banking : This service is built on one of two platforms: the application software system (Software Base) and the web technology platform (Web Base), through the server system, the Internet network and the customer's computer, financial information will be established, encrypted, exchanged and confirmed between the bank and the customer. The characteristic of Home Banking is that it allows customers to perform most banking transactions at home, at the company office without having to go directly to the bank, helping customers save time and costs. The bank provides a number of utilities through the Home Banking service for customers such as: money transfer and payment, viewing balances and transactions on accounts, letters of credit...
Phone banking: Phone Banking service is an automatic system that answers information about banking services and products via phone, operating 24/7. The characteristic of Phone Banking is that this system works completely automatically based on a pre-programmed program. Phone Banking service provides customers with a number of utilities such as: providing all information about the bank's products and services in a complete and updated manner; providing useful information about new products and services, paying bills and transferring money, receiving complaints and questions from customers over the phone when using the bank's products and services.
Mobile banking : Mobile Banking is a modern banking service based on wireless telecommunications technology of the mobile network (Mobile Network) including performing banking services by connecting mobile phones (Mobile Phone) to the electronic banking service center (similar to Home Banking) and connecting to the Internet on mobile phones using the wireless application protocol WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). Customers use mobile phones to text messages according to the bank's template and send them to the service number to request the bank to perform transactions. Some of the utilities that Mobile Banking service provides to customers are: providing information related to customers' personal account activities, notifying account balances by text message as soon as a transaction occurs, performing transactions
Invoice payment, for customers who do not have a bank account will be provided with account information of banking products and services such as exchange rates, stock prices, interest rates and personal account information.
Kiosk Banking Service : Kiosk Banking Service is a high-tech banking service that aims to serve customers with the highest quality and convenience. On the street, banks will place work stations containing automatic banking devices for customers with high-speed Internet connection or the bank's internal network. Customers use the computer device in the station to access the Bank's website, enter the user name and password, or insert the card into the machine, enter the pin code and start conducting transactions such as: viewing transaction history through the account, paying bills, transferring money, updating information about the products and services the bank is providing.
2.1.4 General assessment of the current development of e-banking services in Vietnam
Achievements
The popularity of the Internet and mobile phones in recent years has opened up a potential market for providing electronic banking services in Vietnam. According to data from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam and the Vietnam Internet Center - VNNIC, by the end of September 2012, there were more than 31 million Internet users (an increase of 3.2% compared to the same period in 2011), the number of broadband Internet subscribers nationwide was estimated at 4.4 million (an increase of 13.9% compared to the same period in 2011), and the number of mobile subscribers reached 120.9 million (an increase of 5.2% compared to the same period in 2011) - Source: http://www.thongkeinternet.vn.
Thus, with a current population of about 88 million people, in Vietnam, on average, about 1 in 4 people use the Internet and on average each person uses about 2 times.
mobile phone subscribers. This is a great potential for the development of electronic banking services. (Source: http://htu.edu.vn).
In addition, the Government and the State Bank of Vietnam have issued Laws, Circulars, Decrees, and Decisions to create a legal framework to encourage the development of e-banking services. Notably, the promulgation of the Law on Electronic Transactions 2005 is noteworthy. On November 29, 2005, the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam passed the Law on Electronic Transactions No. 51/2005/QH11 and officially put it into effect on March 1, 2006. The Law on Electronic Transactions has created a basic legal framework for electronic transactions.
According to the Vietnam E-commerce Report 2011, a survey by the Department of E-commerce and Information Technology showed that by the end of December 2011, out of 50 banks operating in the Vietnamese market (excluding foreign bank branches in Vietnam), 45 banks had deployed online transaction systems at different levels. Popular e-banking services are widely provided by banks, including Internet Banking provided by 45 banks (accounting for 90%), Mobile Banking provided by 38 banks (accounting for 82%).
In addition, Vietnamese commercial banks have been promoting cooperation with many organizations to provide products with many utilities for customers such as: payment for purchases and sales on e-commerce websites, online payment by mobile phone, computer connected to telecommunications network, payment of bills... The rapid development of payment services and electronic means in recent times has facilitated the payment of goods, services, and easy purchase and sale of goods via the Internet, mobile phone, ATM, POS. The connection between banks with each other, with telecommunications companies and service providers has provided more intermediary solutions, supporting payment services such as MobiVi, VietUnion, M_Service...
Thus, the development of electronic banking services in Vietnam has achieved certain successes, but still faces some limitations.
Limitations
First of all, banks have not fully exploited the potential market for developing e-banking services in Vietnam. The percentage of Vietnamese population using Internet Banking is still very low compared to other countries in the region.
Table 2.1: Internet Banking usage in some countries and regions (Source: Nguyen Duy Thanh, Cao Hao Thi, 2011)
Nation
Population | Using the Internet | % of the world | Internet Banking | |
Older brother | 62,348,447 | 82.51% | 2.61% | 42.35% |
America | 310,232,863 | 77.33% | 12.22% | 70.61% |
Malaysia | 26,160,256 | 64.67% | 0.81% | 36.42% |
Nigeria | 152,217,341 | 28.90% | 2.20% | 16.71% |
Vietnam | 89,571,130 | 27.75% | 1.30% | 1.02% |
Thailand | 66,404,688 | 26.31% | 0.92% | 4.71% |
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General Assessment of the Current Status of Tourism Development in Flood Season (Swot Analysis) -
Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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General Assessment of the Current Situation of Public Investment Capital Management at the Ministry of Health in the Period 2016 - 2020 -
General Assessment of Factors Affecting Tourism Development in Vientiane City -
General Assessment and Causes of the Current Situation of Management of Training Activities for Homeroom Teachers at High Schools in Binh Minh Town,
One of the main reasons for this problem is the psychological barrier of customers. Customers always put safety first, so they are more loyal to traditional transactions than using e-commerce application services. The habit of using cash and the limited understanding of customers about e-banking services make customers not really trust the security and safety of electronic transactions provided by banks. The characteristic of electronic transactions is that they are completely over the network system, so customers always have the mentality of having to face risks such as hackers, computer viruses and other risks. Making transactions completely online brings customers convenience and speed, but these transactions depend on technology. Therefore, customers want to use
These services must be fully equipped with electronic means of telecommunications network connection as well as knowledge of using these services.
The resources of banks are still limited. In terms of human resources, banks in general still lack high-quality human resources with in-depth knowledge of information technology and e-commerce. In terms of technical infrastructure, although this factor has been invested in and developed, the remaining limitations also hinder the development of electronic banking services. The ATM network and the connection of card payments via POS of the banking system are not yet complete and unified. Some issues related to technical safety have not yet met customer satisfaction, such as the phenomenon of ATMs leaking electricity, the problem of information theft when using ATMs. Telecommunications networks in Vietnam are increasingly seeing the emergence of more and more providers, but the quality of use is not yet guaranteed. The situation of signal loss or network congestion due to overload still occurs frequently, affecting the quality of services.
The benefits of e-banking services have not been fully exploited. In addition, the benefits of e-banking services have not yet satisfied all the needs of customers, such as depositing cash into accounts, registering to use the service still requires going directly to transaction offices.
Currently, banks all have their own websites to promote their image, introduce banking products and services as well as attractive savings programs, announce interest rates, exchange rates, etc. Commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City are generally providing electronic banking services such as: internet banking, home banking, phone banking, mobile banking. In the period of fierce competition between commercial banks, banks are launching increasingly diverse electronic banking products and services.
2.1.5 Benefits of e-banking services
With the characteristic that transactions are completely carried out through electronic devices and telecommunications networks, the emergence of electronic banking services has brought many practical benefits to banks, customers and society.
For banks, the emergence of electronic banking services opens a new development channel for banking services. Through the provision of electronic banking services, banks can easily expand their scope of operations, reaching customers anytime, anywhere without being limited by space and time. Through electronic means and telecommunications networks, banks can conduct promotional activities, introduce products to customers more quickly and conveniently. In addition, banks can also cut related costs such as office costs, staff costs or other costs related to documents, treasury system management, etc.
For customers, in fact, e-banking services are very easy to use, effective and help customers save time and money. The steps of transactions via e-banking services have been pre-programmed, so customers only need to follow the required steps, the transactions will be performed accurately. Using e-banking services, with electronic means connected to telecommunications networks, customers can perform their transactions anytime and anywhere. In addition, with the feature of completely online transactions, banks can link together into alliances to facilitate customers to perform their inter-bank transactions. Customers can transact with banks flexibly anytime, anywhere through e-banking services. Save costs, increase profits, ebanking reaches more customers, increases sales, improves service quality, transforms business activities into many forms such as providing non-financial services, operating alliances with different industries (electricity, water, aviation, tax...) and still maintains market share.
For society, the emergence of electronic banking services has created a new way of operating, contributing to promoting the development of economic, commercial, service and tourism activities, creating conditions for expanding economic and commercial cooperation with the region and the world.
2.2 OVERVIEW OF THEORETICAL BASIS
Based on the research object of intention to use , the topic presents important theoretical foundations for each individual's intention and behavior that have been empirically verified in many studies. Typically, the theory of reasoned action, the theory of planned behavior, the UTAUT model of technology acceptance and the theory of risk perception.
2.2.1. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
Real behavior
Beliefs about product attributes
Measuring beliefs about product attributes
Attitude
Subjective standard
Behavioral intention
Belief in what influencers think I should or should not use the product
The influencer's impulse to follow his wishes
Figure 2.1 Theory of reasoned action TRA
(Source: Ajzen and Fishbein, 1975)
The theory of reasoned action was developed by Ajzen and Fishbein in the late 1960s and revised and expanded in the 1970s. According to TRA, behavioral intention