Forestry Extension Model Figure 4.12. Mass Model

Due to the growth and development characteristics of the Rattan plant, in the early years the plant grows and develops slowly, the implementation of full planting and care processes results in better growth and development than the mass model. The growth of the mass model in length only reaches 6m and reaches 6 plants/bush at age 4, the survival rate reaches 75%. The mass model is mainly planted by people around the fence spontaneously, so it is not fertilized and cared for according to the correct technical process, so the number of plants in a clump is not much more, the tree trunks are not as thick and beautiful as the forestry model.

- For the Bamboo model deployed in Cam Thuy commune in 2007, the current density is about 350 bushes/ha, the trees grow well after 5 years of planting, on average each clump has 10 trees, the average height Hvn = 8m, D1.3 = 8.5cm, however , the survival rate is only 85% compared to the initial density. In the model, 93% of the clumps grow well and averagely. Compared to the mass model, people do not plant and care for them properly, so the survival rate in the mass model is only 70%, each clump has an average of 4 trees, the average height Hvn = 6.0m, D1.3 = 7cm. According to the opinions of some households participating in building the model, the Bamboo model has also brought economic efficiency, however, it is necessary to have a planning of raw material areas associated with processing to ensure output.

Figure 4.11. Forestry extension model Figure 4.12. Mass model

- For the Boi Loi model in Xa Ta Rut commune - Da Krong district deployed in 2009, the author did not evaluate the reserve but only evaluated the growth of the tree including survival rate, height and diameter 1.3, at the time of the survey, the monitoring and evaluation results showed that when the newly planted Boi Loi tree grew and developed very well in the first 3 years, due to being cared for according to the correct technical process and fertilized. Therefore, Boi Loi grew quite well, the percentage of trees with good and average growth accounted for 90%, the average height growth was Hvn = 6m, diameter D1.3 = 5 cm. For the model that people planted themselves, the average height growth only reached Hvn = 4.5 m and the average diameter D1.3 = 2.8 cm. To clearly see this difference, we can see the following diagram:

Figure 4.7: Average height of the 3-year-old Boi Loi model

Figure 4.8: Average diameter of the 3-year-old Litchi model

The success of these models is due to the technical guidance and instruction from planting season, varieties to care techniques. The model of planting Boi Loi trees is instructed to be planted right at the beginning of the rainy season, while the general public usually plants later. Planting at the right time gives the trees a higher survival rate and better growth.

Figure 4.13. Forestry extension model Tree species: 3-year-old Litsea

Figure 4.14. Mass model Tree species: 3-year-old Boi Loi

In general, the implementation of forestry extension models has brought about certain effectiveness, through the models have transferred scientific and technical advances, improving the level of intensive farming for farmers. From successful models are places to organize study tours, propaganda, and recommendations on forestry activities to households.

Through the organization of the model, it has been demonstrated which tree species can be planted and developed locally, helping planners have a basis to build a plan to develop strong tree species that have been confirmed to be effective through specific models such as Acacia la lichee, May nep, Tre diem truc, and Boi loi. Through the implementation of the model, it has shown what technical measures should be applied to each tree species (through instructions on planting and care techniques), helping managers to set out technical regulations on planting tree species and helping farmers have more choices about tree species, technical measures applied and their family's production practices.

4.3. Assessment of the impact of some forestry extension models in Quang Tri province in the period 2006 - 2011

4.3.1. Impact of some forestry extension models on people's awareness and model replication

4.3.1.1. Impact on perception

Over the past 6 years, the construction of a forestry demonstration model has been extremely important and convincing when farmers have seen with their own eyes the results of forestry production through the application of technical advances and new varieties, from which they have confidence and decide to follow.

The data in Table 4.8 shows that in 13 surveyed models, 442 households participated in technical training courses, 442 people visited and studied, and 555 people attended the model summary workshop. In addition to training, the Quang Tri Agricultural Extension Center also focused on information and propaganda activities. According to the data in Table 4.9, we see that 100% of them performed information and propaganda activities well. Through these activities, they contributed to raising awareness of the community. During the period 2006 - 2011, the forestry extension models built in Quang Tri province had a positive impact on raising people's awareness. To better understand the impact of the forestry extension model on people's awareness, the author interviewed 30 participating households and 30 households that had not participated, specifically shown in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10. People's awareness when there is a forestry extension model

TT

Evaluation criteria	Number of MH participants (30)		Number of people who have not participated in MH (30)		Note
	Agree	Percentage	Agree	Proportion %
1	Understand the rights and responsibilities of participating in the forestry extension model	30	100	2	6.67
2	Grasp the techniques of planting, caring for and protecting forests from
	- Forestry extension model	26	86.7	2	6.7
	- Local forestry projects	0	0	12	40.0
	- Learn from other sources	3	10	7	23.3

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• Factors Affecting Agricultural Extension Model
• Qos Assurance Methods for Multimedia Communications zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gs zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts low. The EF PHB requires a sufficiently large number of output ports to provide low delay, low loss, and low jitter. EF PHBs can be implemented if the output port's bandwidth is sufficiently large, combined with small buffer sizes and other network resources dedicated to EF packets, to allow the router's service rate for EF packets on an output port to exceed the arrival rate λ of packets at that port. This means that packets with PHB EF are considered with a pre-allocated amount of output bandwidth and a priority that ensures minimum loss, minimum delay and minimum jitter before being put into operation. PHB EF is suitable for channel simulation, leased line simulation, and real-time services such as voice, video without compromising on high loss, delay and jitter values. Figure 2.10 Example of EF installation Figure 2.10 shows an example of an EF PHB implementation. This is a simple priority queue scheduling technique. At the edges of the DS domain, EF packet traffic is prioritized according to the values ​​agreed upon by the SLA. The EF queue in the figure needs to output packets at a rate higher than the packet arrival rate λ. To provide an EF PHB over an end-to-end DS domain, bandwidth at the output ports of the core routers needs to be allocated in advance to ensure the requirement μ > λ. This can be done by a pre-configured provisioning process. In the figure, EF packets are placed in the priority queue (the upper queue). With such a length, the queue can operate with μ > λ. Since EF was primarily used for real-time services such as voice and video, and since real-time services use UDP instead of TCP, RED is generally not suitable for EF queues because applications using UDP will not respond to random packet drop and RED will strip unnecessary packets. 2.2.4.2 Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB PHB AF is defined by RFC 2597. The purpose of PHB AF is to deliver packets reliably and therefore delay and jitter are considered less important than packet loss. PHB AF is suitable for non-real-time services such as applications using TCP. PHB AF first defines four classes: AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4. For each of these AF classes, packets are then classified into three subclasses with three distinct priority levels. Table 2.8 shows the four AF classes and 12 AF subclasses and the DSCP values ​​for the 12 AF subclasses defined by RFC 2597. RFC 2597 also allows for more than three separate priority levels to be added for internal use. However, these separate priority levels will only have internal significance. PHB Class PHB Subclass Package type DSCP AF4 AF41 Short 100010 AF42 Medium 100100 AF43 High 100110 AF3 AF31 Short 011010 AF32 Medium 011100 AF33 High 011110 AF2 AF21 Short 010010 AF22 Medium 010100 AF23 High 010110 AF1 AF11 Short 001010 AF12 Medium 001100 AF13 High 001110 Table 2.8 AF DSCPs The AF PHB ensures that packets are forwarded with a high probability of delivery to the destination within the bounds of the rate agreed upon in an SLA. If AF traffic at an ingress port exceeds the pre-priority rate, which is considered non-compliant or “out of profile”, the excess packets will not be delivered to the destination with the same probability as the packets belonging to the defined traffic or “in profile” packets. When there is network congestion, the out of profile packets are dropped before the in profile packets are dropped. When service levels are defined using AF classes, different quantity and quality between AF classes can be realized by allocating different amounts of bandwidth and buffer space to the four AF classes. Unlike EF, most AF traffic is non-real-time traffic using TCP, and the RED queue management strategy is an AQM (Adaptive Queue Management) strategy suitable for use in AF PHBs. The four AF PHB layers can be implemented as four separate queues. The output port bandwidth is divided into four AF queues. For each AF queue, packets are marked with three “colors” corresponding to three separate priority levels. In addition to the 32 DSCP 1 groups defined in Table 2.8, 21 DSCPs have been standardized as follows: one for PHB EF, 12 for PHB AF, and 8 for CSCP. There are 11 DSCP 1 groups still available for other standards. 2.2.5.Example of Differentiated Services We will look at an example of the Differentiated Service model and mechanism of operation. The architecture of Differentiated Service consists of two basic sets of functions: Edge functions: include packet classification and traffic conditioning. At the inbound edge of the network, incoming packets are marked. In particular, the DS field in the packet header is set to a certain value. For example, in Figure 2.12, packets sent from H1 to H3 are marked at R1, while packets from H2 to H4 are marked at R2. The labels on the received packets identify the service class to which they belong. Different traffic classes receive different services in the core network. The RFC definition uses the term behavior aggregate rather than the term traffic class. After being marked, a packet can be forwarded immediately into the network, delayed for a period of time before being forwarded, or dropped. We will see that there are many factors that affect how a packet is marked, and whether it is forwarded immediately, delayed, or dropped. Figure 2.12 DiffServ Example Core functionality: When a DS-marked packet arrives at a Diffservcapable router, the packet is forwarded to the next router based on Per-hop behavior is associated with packet classes. Per-hop behavior affects router buffers and the bandwidth shared between competing classes. An important principle of the Differentiated Service architecture is that a router's per-hop behavior is based only on the packet's marking or the class to which it belongs. Therefore, if packets sent from H1 to H3 as shown in the figure receive the same marking as packets from H2 to H4, then the network routers treat the packets exactly the same, regardless of whether the packet originated from H1 or H2. For example, R3 does not distinguish between packets from h1 and H2 when forwarding packets to R4. Therefore, the Differentiated Service architecture avoids the need to maintain router state about separate source-destination pairs, which is important for network scalability. Chapter Conclusion Chapter 2 has presented and clarified two main models of deploying and installing quality of service in IP networks. While the traditional best-effort model has many disadvantages, later models such as IntServ and DiffServ have partly solved the problems that best-effort could not solve. IntServ follows the direction of ensuring quality of service for each separate flow, it is built similar to the circuit switching model with the use of the RSVP resource reservation protocol. IntSer is suitable for services that require fixed bandwidth that is not shared such as VoIP services, multicast TV services. However, IntSer has disadvantages such as using a lot of network resources, low scalability and lack of flexibility. DiffServ was born with the idea of ​​solving the disadvantages of the IntServ model. DiffServ follows the direction of ensuring quality based on the principle of hop-by-hop behavior based on the priority of marked packets. The policy for different types of traffic is decided by the administrator and can be changed according to reality, so it is very flexible. DiffServ makes better use of network resources, avoiding idle bandwidth and processing capacity on routers. In addition, the DifServ model can be deployed on many independent domains, so the ability to expand the network becomes easy. Chapter 3: METHODS TO ENSURE QoS FOR MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS In packet-switched networks, different packet flows often have to share the transmission medium all the way to the destination station. To ensure the fair and efficient allocation of bandwidth to flows, appropriate serving mechanisms are required at network nodes, especially at gateways or routers, where many different data flows often pass through. The scheduler is responsible for serving packets of the selected flow and deciding which packet will be served next. Here, a flow is understood as a set of packets belonging to the same priority class, or originating from the same source, or having the same source and destination addresses, etc. In normal state when there is no congestion, packets will be sent as soon as they are delivered. In case of congestion, if QoS assurance methods are not applied, prolonged congestion can cause packet drops, affecting service quality. In some cases, congestion is prolonged and widespread in the network, which can easily lead to the network being "frozen", or many packets being dropped, seriously affecting service quality. Therefore, in this chapter, in sections 3.2 and 3.3, we introduce some typical network traffic load monitoring techniques to predict and prevent congestion before it occurs through the measure of dropping (removing) packets early when there are signs of impending congestion. 3.1. DropTail method DropTail is a simple, traditional queue management method based on FIFO mechanism. All incoming packets are placed in the queue, when the queue is full, the later packets are dropped. Due to its simplicity and ease of implementation, DropTail has been used for many years on Internet router systems. However, this algorithm has the following disadvantages: − Cannot avoid the phenomenon of “Lock out”: Occurs when 1 or several traffic streams monopolize the queue, making packets of other connections unable to pass through the router. This phenomenon greatly affects reliable transmission protocols such as TCP. According to the anti-congestion algorithm, when locked out, the TCP connection stream will reduce the window size and reduce the packet transmission speed exponentially. − Can cause Global Synchronization: This is the result of a severe “Lock out” phenomenon. Some neighboring routers have their queues monopolized by a number of connections, causing a series of other TCP connections to be unable to pass through and simultaneously reducing the transmission speed. After those monopolized connections are temporarily suspended, Once the queue is cleared, it takes a considerable amount of time for TCP connections to return to their original speed. − Full Queue phenomenon: Data transmitted on the Internet often has an explosion, packets arriving at the router are often in clusters rather than in turn. Therefore, the operating mechanism of DropTail makes the queue easily full for a long period of time, leading to the average delay time of large packets. To avoid this phenomenon, with DropTail, the only way is to increase the router's buffer, this method is very expensive and ineffective. − No QoS guarantee: With the DropTail mechanism, there is no way to prioritize important packets to be transmitted through the router earlier when all are in the queue. Meanwhile, with multimedia communication, ensuring connection and stable speed is extremely important and the DropTail algorithm cannot satisfy. The problem of choosing the buffer size of the routers in the network is to “absorb” short bursts of traffic without causing too much queuing delay. This is necessary in bursty data transmission. The queue size determines the size of the packet bursts (traffic spikes) that we want to be able to transmit without being dropped at the routers. In IP-based application networks, packet dropping is an important mechanism for indirectly reporting congestion to end stations. A solution that prevents router queues from filling up while reducing the packet drop rate is called dynamic queue management. 3.2. Random elimination method – RED 3.2.1 Overview RED (Random Early Detection of congestion; Random Early Drop) is one of the first AQM algorithms proposed in 1993 by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, two scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California, USA. Due to its outstanding advantages compared to previous queue management algorithms, RED has been widely installed and deployed on the Internet. The most fundamental point of their work is that the most effective place to detect congestion and react to it is at the gateway or router. Source entities (senders) can also do this by estimating end-to-end delay, throughput variability, or the rate of packet retransmissions due to drop. However, the sender and receiver view of a particular connection cannot tell which gateways on the network are congested, and cannot distinguish between propagation delay and queuing delay. Only the gateway has a true view of the state of the queue, the link share of the connections passing through it at any given time, and the quality of service requirements of the traffic flows. The RED gateway monitors the average queue length, which detects early signs of impending congestion (average queue length exceeding a predetermined threshold) and reacts appropriately in one of two ways: − Drop incoming packets with a certain probability, to indirectly inform the source of congestion, the source needs to reduce the transmission rate to keep the queue from filling up, maintaining the ability to absorb incoming traffic spikes. − Mark “congestion” with a certain probability in the ECN field in the header of TCP packets to notify the source (the receiving entity will copy this bit into the acknowledgement packet). Figure 3. 1 RED algorithm The main goal of RED is to avoid congestion by keeping the average queue size within a sufficiently small and stable region, which also means keeping the queuing delay sufficiently small and stable. Achieving this goal also helps: avoid global synchronization, not resist bursty traffic flows (i.e. flows with low average throughput but high volatility), and maintain an upper bound on the average queue size even in the absence of cooperation from transport layer protocols. To achieve the above goals, RED gateways must do the following: − The first is to detect congestion early and react appropriately to keep the average queue size small enough to keep the network operating in the low latency, high throughput region, while still allowing the queue size to fluctuate within a certain range to absorb short-term fluctuations. As discussed above, the gateway is the most appropriate place to detect congestion and is also the most appropriate place to decide which specific connection to report congestion to. − The second thing is to notify the source of congestion. This is done by marking and notifying the source to reduce traffic. Normally the RED gateway will randomly drop packets. However, if congestion If congestion is detected before the queue is full, it should be combined with packet marking to signal congestion. The RED gateway has two options: drop or mark; where marking is done by marking the ECN field of the packet with a certain probability, to signal the source to reduce the traffic entering the network. − An important goal that RED gateways need to achieve is to avoid global synchronization and not to resist traffic flows that have a sudden characteristic. Global synchronization occurs when all connections simultaneously reduce their transmission window size, leading to a severe drop in throughput at the same time. On the other hand, Drop Tail or Random Drop strategies are very sensitive to sudden flows; that is, the gateway queue will often overflow when packets from these flows arrive. To avoid these two phenomena, gateways can use special algorithms to detect congestion and decide which connections will be notified of congestion at the gateway. The RED gateway randomly selects incoming packets to mark; with this method, the probability of marking a packet from a particular connection is proportional to the connection's shared bandwidth at the gateway. − Another goal is to control the average queue size even without cooperation from the source entities. This can be done by dropping packets when the average size exceeds an upper threshold (instead of marking it). This approach is necessary in cases where most connections have transmission times that are less than the round-trip time, or where the source entities are not able to reduce traffic in response to marking or dropping packets (such as UDP flows). 3.2.2 Algorithm This section describes the algorithm for RED gateways. RED gateways calculate the average queue size using a low-pass filter. This average queue size is compared with two thresholds: minth and maxth. When the average queue size is less than the lower threshold, no incoming packets are marked or dropped; when the average queue size is greater than the upper threshold, all incoming packets are dropped. When the average queue size is between minth and maxth, each incoming packet is marked or dropped with a probability pa, where pa is a function of the average queue size avg; the probability of marking or dropping a packet for a particular connection is proportional to the bandwidth share of that connection at the gateway. The general algorithm for a RED gateway is described as follows: [5] For each packet arrival Caculate the average queue size avg If minth ≤ avg < maxth div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:Wingdings; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-d
• Pre-tax Profit of Bidv Tien Giang in the Period 2011-2015 zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gsnon-credit services, joint stock commercial bank zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts At that time, the Branch had to set aside a provision for credit risks, which reduced the Branch's income. Chart 2.2. Pre-tax profit of BIDV Tien Giang in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Billion VND 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 63.3 80.34 89.29 110.08 131.99 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Profit before tax (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) However, through chart 2.2, it can be seen that BIDV Tien Giang's profit is still increasing continuously, and its operating efficiency is currently leaking. This is a contribution of non-credit services, and this service segment will be increasingly focused on growth by BIDV Tien Giang to ensure the highest profit safety because credit activities have many potential risks. At the same time, focusing on developing non-credit services is consistent with one of the contents of restructuring the financial activities of credit institutions in the project "Restructuring the system of credit institutions in the period 2011-2015" approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 254/QD-TTg dated March 1, 2012 [14]: "Gradually shifting the business model of commercial banks towards reducing dependence on credit activities and increasing income from non-credit services". 2.2. Current status of non-credit service development at BIDV Tien Giang. 2.2.1. BIDV Tien Giang has deployed the development of non-credit services in recent times. Along with the development of the Head Office, BIDV Tien Giang's products and services are constantly improved and deployed in a diverse manner to ensure provision for many different customer groups in the area: individual customers, corporate customers, and financial institutions. Typical services are as follows: Payment services, treasury services, guarantee services, card services, trade finance, other services: Western Union, insurance commissions, consulting services, foreign exchange derivatives trading, e-banking services,... 2.2.1.1. Payment services: In accordance with the Prime Minister's Project to promote non-cash payments in Vietnam [15], banks in Tien Giang province have continuously developed payment services to reduce customers' cash usage habits through card services and electronic banking services such as: salary payment through accounts, focusing on developing card acceptance points, developing multi-purpose cards, paying social insurance by transfer, paying bills through banks, etc. Chart 2.3. Net income from payment services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 3922 4065 4720 5084 5324 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from payment services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Along with the technological development of the entire system, BIDV Tien Giang has a payment system with a fairly stable transaction processing speed, bringing many conveniences to customers. The results of observing chart 2.3 show that the income from payment services that the Branch has achieved has grown over the years but the speed is not high and the products are not outstanding compared to other banks. Domestic payment products such as: Online bill payment, electricity bills, water bills, insurance premiums, cable TV bills, telecommunications fees, airline tickets, etc. bring many conveniences to customers. Regarding international payment, this is an indispensable activity for foreign economic activities, BIDV Tien Giang is providing international payment methods for small enterprises producing agriculture, aquatic food and seafood that have credit relationships with banks in industrial parks in Tien Giang province such as: money transfer, collection, L/C payment. 2.2.1.2. Treasury services: BIDV Tien Giang always focuses on ensuring treasury safety and currency security, always complies with legal regulations, and minimizes risks in operations such as: counting and collecting money from customers, receiving and delivering internal transactions, collecting from the State Bank (SBV) or other credit institutions, receiving ATM funds, bundling money, etc. BIDV Tien Giang's treasury service management department is always fully equipped with modern machinery and equipment such as: money transport vehicles, fire prevention tools, money counters, money detectors, magnifying glasses, etc. to ensure absolute safety in treasury operations, immediately identifying real and fake money and other risks that may affect people and assets of the bank and customers. In addition, implementing regulation 2480/QC dated October 28, 2008 between the State Bank of Tien Giang province and the Provincial Police on coordination in the fight against counterfeit money, in the 3-year review of implementation, BIDV Tien Giang discovered, seized and submitted to the State Bank of Tien Giang province 475 banknotes of various denominations and was commended by the Provincial Police and the State Bank of Tien Giang province [17]. Chart 2.4. Net income from treasury services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 105 122 309 289 279 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from treasury services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) However, as shown in Figure 2.4, income from treasury operations is not high and fluctuates. Specifically, in the period 2011-2013, net income increased and increased most sharply in 2013, then in the period 2013-2015, there was a downward trend. This fluctuation is due to the fact that fees collected from treasury services are often very low and can even be waived to attract customers to use other services. 2.2.1.3. Guarantee and trade finance services: BIDV Tien Giang, thanks to the advantages of the province and the favorable location of the Branch, has continuously focused on developing income from guarantee services and trade finance. Chart 2.5. Net income from guarantee and trade finance services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 5193 5695 2742 3420 8889 3992 11604 12206 5143 5312 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from guarantee services Net income from Trade Finance (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Through chart 2.5, we can see that BIDV Tien Giang's income from guarantee services and trade finance has grown over the years. The reason is: Among BIDV Tien Giang's corporate customers, the construction industry is the industry with the highest proportion of customers after the trading industry, this is a group of customers with potential to develop guarantee services. The second group of customers is corporate customers in the fields of agricultural production, livestock and seafood processing with high import and export turnover in the area. are the target of trade finance development. In addition, BIDV Tien Giang also focuses on continuously developing these customer groups to increase revenue for many other products and services in the future. 2.2.1.4. Card and POS services: As a service that BIDV Tien Giang has recently developed strongly, it can be said that this is a very potential market and has the ability to develop even more strongly in the future. Card services with outstanding advantages such as fast payment time, wide payment range, quite safe, effective and suitable for the integration trend and the Project to promote non-cash payments in Vietnam. Cards have become a modern and popular payment tool. BIDV Tien Giang early identified that developing card services is to expand the market to people in society, create capital mobilized from card-opened accounts, contribute to diversifying banking activities, enhance the image of the bank, bring the BIDV Tien Giang brand to people as quickly and easily as possible. BIDV Tien Giang is currently providing card types such as: credit cards (BIDV MasterCard Platinum, BIDV Visa Gold Precious, BIDV Visa Manchester United, BIDV Visa Classic), international debit cards (BIDV Ready Card, BIDV Manu Debit Card), domestic debit cards (BIDV Harmony Card, BIDV eTrans Card, BIDV Moving Card, BIDV-Lingo Co-branded Card, BIDV-Co.opmart Co-branded Card). These cards can be paid via POS/EDC or on the ATM system. In addition, with debit cards, customers can not only withdraw money via ATMs but also perform utilities such as mobile top-up, online payment, money transfer,... through electronic banking services. In order to attract customers with card services, BIDV Tien Giang has continuously increased the installation of ATMs. As of December 31, 2015, BIDV Tien Giang has 23 ATMs combined with 7 ATMs in the same system of BIDV My Tho, so the number of ATMs is quite large, especially in the center of My Tho City, but is not yet fully present in the districts. Basic services on ATMs such as withdrawing money, checking balances, printing short statements,... BIDV ATMs accept cards from banks in the system. Banknetvn and Smartlink, cards branded by international card organizations Union Pay (CUP), VISA, MasterCard and cards of banks in the Asian Payment Network. From here, cardholders can make bill payments for themselves or others at ATMs, by simply entering the subscriber number or customer code, booking code that service providers notify and make bill payments. Chart 2.6. Net income from card services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 687 1023 1547 2267 3104 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from card services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Through chart 2.6, it can be seen that BIDV Tien Giang's card service income is constantly growing because the Branch focuses on developing businesses operating in industrial parks, which are the source of customers for salary payment products, ATMs, BSMS. Specifically, there are companies such as Freeview, Quang Viet, Dai Thanh, which are businesses with a large number of card openings at the Branch, contributing to the increase in card service fees [25]. Table 2.6. Number of ATMs and POS machines in 2015 of some banks in Tien Giang area. Unit: Machine STT Bank name Number of ATMs Cumulative number of ATM cards POS machine 1 BIDV Tien Giang 23 97,095 22 2 BIDV My Tho 7 21,325 0 3 Agribank Tien Giang 29 115,743 77 4 Vietinbank Tien Giang 16 100,052 54 5 Dong A Tien Giang 26 97,536 11 6 Sacombank Tien Giang 24 88,513 27 7 Vietcombank Tien Giang 15 61,607 96 8 Vietinbank - Tay Tien Giang Branch 6 46,042 38 (Source: 2015 Banking Activity Data Report of the General and Internal Control Department of the Provincial State Bank [21]) Through table 2.6, the author finds that the number of ATMs of BIDV Tien Giang is not much, ranking fourth after Agribank Tien Giang, Dong A Tien Giang, Sacombank Tien Giang. The number of POS machines of BIDV Tien Giang is very small, only higher than Dong A Tien Giang and BIDV My Tho in the initial stages of merging the BIDV system. Besides, BIDV Tien Giang has a high number of cards increasing over the years (table 2.7) but the cumulative number of cards issued up to December 31, 2015 is still relatively low compared to Agribank, Vietcombank, Dong A (table 2.6). div.maincontent .content_head3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Courier New", monospace; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; 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• Economic group model - operations of Vietnam Oil and Gas Group in the period 2006 - 2008 and development trends - 1
• Research Model of Factors Impacting Work Motivation of Tour Guide Team in Binh Dinh Province

TT

Evaluation criteria	Number of MH participants (30)		Number of people who have not participated in MH (30)		Note
	Agree	Percentage	Agree	Proportion %
- Don't know	1	3.33	9	30.0
3	Participate in forestry extension model in the coming time	30	100	22	73.3
4	Grasp the technique of planting trees:
	- Sickle glue	25	83.3	12	40
	-Bamboo shoots	20	66.7	8	26.7
	- Clouds	18	60	6	20
	-By Words	22	73.3	15	16.7
5	Choosing tree species when participating in the forestry extension model in the coming time					State investment
	- Sickle glue	25	83.3	22	73.3
	-Bamboo shoots	16	53.3	13	43.3
	- Clouds	11	36.7	6	20.0
	- By Words	12	40	14	46.7
	- Other plants	3	10	6	20.0
6	What forest tree species to choose when replicating the model yourself?					People self-invested expansion
	- Sickle glue	17	56.7	15	50.0
	-Bamboo shoots	3	10.0	0	0.0
	- Clouds	2	6.7	1	3.3
	-By Words	9	30.0	10	33.3
	- Other plants	2	6.7		0.0

Based on the survey results of 30 people participating in model building and 30 people not participating in the model in 5 districts, the results show the role of the forestry extension model in raising people's awareness as follows:

- 30/30 people surveyed understood and grasped their rights and responsibilities when participating in the forestry extension model, accounting for 100%. This is more clearly demonstrated when 100% of the people surveyed wanted to continue participating in the forestry extension model. When asked about the need to participate in a specific model, the percentage of people surveyed focused on the Acacia la sichensis model was 83.3% and then

Bamboo shoots account for 53.3%, Litsea 40%, Nep 36.7% and finally other plants account for 10%.

- If people are allowed to replicate the model themselves, this rate is lower than the demand for participation in the model invested by the state. The survey results show that only households with good economic conditions can replicate the model, while households with difficult economic conditions cannot replicate the model because they do not have investment funds, so it is very necessary to support state funding for poor households to build forestry extension models.

4.3.1.2. Model replication

In the process of implementing the initial forestry extension models, there were some impacts on the model replication. The results of the model replication are shown in Table 4.12.

Table 4.11. Data table for replicating the forestry extension model

TT

Model Name	Model		Replication
	Area (ha)	Number of households participating family	Area (ha)	Number of participating households	Number of participants mandarin
1	Intensive acacia auriculiformis plantation (age 5)	38	33	30	7	0
2	Intensive acacia auriculiformis plantation (age 4)	36	31	14	12	20
3	Intensive acacia auriculiformis plantation (age 3)	40	35	17	15	80
4	Intensive acacia auriculiformis plantation (age 2)	36	31	10	12	0
5	Intensive afforestation of May nep (age 4)	28	30	6	10	20
6	Intensive afforestation of Bamboo (5 years old)	20	31	4	10	20
7	Intensive afforestation of Boi Loi (age 3)	31	40	13	13	0
	Total	229	231	94	79	140

The table above shows that the forestry extension models implemented from 2006 to 2011 have had certain impacts on people's awareness and production. In the 7 surveyed models, the total area of ​​implementation was 229 hectares with the participation of 231 households. Up to the time of the survey, 79 households had invested in planting on their own.

94 hectares of various crops, mainly replicating the Acacia auriculiformis model of 71 hectares (accounting for 75%), the Boi Loi model of 13 hectares (accounting for 13.8%), the May Nep model of 6 hectares (accounting for 6.4%), the rest is the Tre diem truc model of less than 10%.

In addition, 140 people came to visit and study the investigated models. The visits were arranged by the organizations and units that built the models to propagate and replicate the models.

From the evaluation results and practice, it is shown that Acacia auriculiformis is an easy-to-grow, fast-growing tree species, adaptable to many local soil conditions, has a fairly stable consumption market, low investment but profitable, so this model is highly accepted.

Regarding the Diem Truc bamboo model, which is mainly grown for the purpose of harvesting bamboo shoots, although it provides annual income, because there is no planning for commercial production associated with product consumption, people still grow it spontaneously, scattered around their home gardens.

As for the model of May Nep tree, it is also an easy-to-grow tree, growing and developing well with the soil conditions in Cam Lo. Although it has an annual income, the consumption market is unstable due to its distance from the craft village. Therefore, people do not dare to invest in expanding the model. In fact, there are only a few households growing it, but mainly taking advantage of growing it in their home gardens as fences, with the purpose of fencing the garden.

For the Litsea tree in Dakrong, it is one of the easy-to-grow trees, growing and developing in accordance with climate and soil conditions. Currently, there is a stable market for Litsea products, so people have accepted and expanded it with a small area. In fact, only a few households grow it, but mainly take advantage of growing it in their home gardens.

4.3.2. Assessing the impact of the forestry extension model on socio-economic development

4.3.2.1. Impact on household economy

In terms of economic development, because most forestry extension models only support one year (2006-2008) or three years (2009-2011), which is not enough time for an exploitation cycle, it is difficult to quantify the economic value. However, during the process of participating in the model,

In the model, households have collected by-products from the forest, which also contributes to improving the lives of households and reducing deforestation, such as providing on-site fuel and harvesting products from short-term agricultural crops intercropped in the model.

- For the models of May nep, because May nep has not reached the exploitation cycle, there is no income and there is no method to determine the yield for a business cycle, so the economic efficiency cannot be calculated. May nep trees start to be exploited from the 5th year and from the 7th year onwards, the estimated average yield is 40-50 quintals/ha, equivalent to a value of 60-75 million VND, the main products are May nep stems and some seeds.

- For the Diem Truc bamboo model, the current density is about 350 bushes/ha with an average annual yield of 20 kg of bamboo shoots/bush at a price of 8-10 thousand VND/kg at the time of survey; people can earn 68-86 million VND/year.

- For the Boi Loi model, the exploitation cycle has not yet reached because it takes 7-10 years to reach another time, so it is not possible to accurately assess for a business cycle, so the economic efficiency of this tree species cannot be calculated. However, according to some local people who exploit Boi Loi in the wild, currently 1kg of dried Boi Loi bark and leaves costs from 23,000 - 25,000 VND; a block of wood (including bark) costs 2 million VND.

- For Acacia auriculiformis models that have not yet reached the harvesting cycle, people are currently still thinning and exploiting to sell locally at a price of 500,000-600,000 VND/ste. For the Acacia auriculiformis model in Trieu Van commune - Trieu Phong district, 5 years old with a reserve of 47.8 m3 / ha, it can generate an income of over 57.4 million VND/ha. According to calculations by professional agencies, the time for harvesting Acacia auriculiformis is about 8-10 years, the density until harvesting is about 1,400-1,600 trees/ha, the yield for 1 hectare is calculated at an average value of 90-120 million VND/ha/harvesting cycle.

The investment cost for the forestry extension model is invested by the state in seeds, fertilizers, and labor, with an average of about 3-5 million VND/ha for the first 3 years. People contribute funds through the value of labor days such as clearing vegetation, digging holes, transporting, planting, fertilizing, caring, etc., with an estimated average of one model.