Defining Purposes and Evaluating Pedagogical Characteristics Indicators



SL23


VO 2 max, (maximum oxygen uptake index (ml/min/kg)

In activity, power increases gradually as circulation and respiration reach efficiency.

maximum capacity

cardiovascular and respiratory function of athletes


SL27

Pulmonary ventilation/minute –VE (liters)

Assess the degree of change in the respiratory system of

Athlete to LVĐ

Assessment of respiratory function;


SL29


Volume of oxygen consumed at the time of anaerobic threshold/VO 2max

-VO 2 LT/ max (%)

The higher the value of this index, the longer the exercise time in the aerobic metabolic zone, the greater the aerobic capacity.

the better

Monitor and evaluate the development of aerobic endurance and the effectiveness of aerobic endurance training.


SL30

Relative maximum anaerobic power index - RPP ( W/kg )

This value assesses the rapid energy supply capacity of the phosphate system.

ATP and CP are stored in the body.

According to Maud's non-lactate anaerobic capacity classification,

PJ and Schultz BB



This value evaluates the ability

(1989) of Nam:


SL31

Relative total anaerobic capacity index- RAC ( W/kg)

The ability to provide energy synthesis from two non-lactate anaerobic sources (ATP and CP)

in muscle cells) and membranes

- Good >10.89

- Fair 10.20 - 10.89

- Average 9.22- 10.19

- Weak 8.53 - 9.21



lactate gas

- Poor <8.52



Assessment of reasoning ability

The smaller this value is, the



maintain energy source

then the ability to maintain


Rate of impairment

anaerobic supply to the body

anaerobic energy

SL34

anaerobic

can exercise with intensity

the better. This is the index


= AF)- AF ( %)

maximum degree

selected as only




durability assessment




speed


Biochemistry




SH4


Hb (Hemoglobin) (g%)

Is the criterion to evaluate the ability to endure LVĐ and the level of deficiency.

athlete's blood

Is an important factor reflecting the level of physical preparation


SH6


Testosterone (nMol/liter)

Reflects the level of fatigue of the body, especially

accurate when considered

Testosterone in the blood changes as follows

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Defining Purposes and Evaluating Pedagogical Characteristics Indicators




in relation to Cortisol

Impact of LVĐ training and competition


SH7


Blood urea (mmol/l)

Is an evaluation criterion

LVĐ and functional status of the athlete's body

Reflects the magnitude of

LVĐ affects the body



Content review,

Reflecting function



HL method and

supply activities

SH10

Blood lactic acid (mmol/liter)

exercise intensity

energy at intensity



suitable or not

different degree of




Senior athlete



Urobilinogen is related

When raising LVĐ,



closely with LVĐ in

Athletes are tired or


SH11

Urinary urobilinogen (mmol/l)

exercise. Reflects changes in liver function

under the influence of

decreased body function, urobilinogen in

morning urine



LVD practice.

early morning will see increase




significantly high.



Evaluate the level of development

In TC Athletes have


SH12


Urinary creatinine

develop physical qualities and training efficiency.

Urinary creatinine can be used to assess muscle development.

speed and power version




power. Through a




HL cycle can be




used to evaluate effectiveness




HL fruit



Used to evaluate LVD

Proteinuria reached the price


SH13


Proteinuria (Pro) (mg%)

has high intensity in HL.

peak value at 15 minutes after training with high intensity

high, proteinuria




sensitive reaction




with LVD factor: time




space, density, intensity




degree.

Table 3.19. Determining the purpose and evaluating pedagogical characteristics indicators


Convention

Pedagogical characteristics index

Purpose and Assessment


General fitness


TLC1

Run 30m (s)

Quick power assessment

TLC4

400m run (s)

Power and speed rating

TLC6

1500m run (p)

Endurance assessment (for ages >12)


Professional fitness


TLCM1

Move to pick up the 6-point bridge 5 rounds (s)

Assess strength, speed and coordination

TLCM2

Move across the court 10 times (s)

Assess strength, speed and coordination

TLCM3

Throw the ball far (m)

Hand strength assessment

TLCM6

Jump and hit the shuttlecock high continuously 15 times (s)

Assess strength, speed power, motor coordination

TLCM7

On the spot, jump and hit the bridge continuously.

100g racket 10 times (s)

Power rating, speed power

degree, motor coordination

TLCM9

Jump and hit the ball continuously 20 times (s)

Assess strength, speed, and coordination

TLCM12

Move and pick up the ball in 2 corners on the net 15 times (s)

Evaluate speed, endurance,

flexibility and coordination

TLCM14

Move up and down from the back of the court to the net 1 minute (times)

Assesses strength, speed endurance, flexibility and motor coordination

TLCM16

Move 4 corners 10 times (s)

Assesses strength, speed endurance, flexibility and coordination

motor

TLCM18

Move to pick up and change the ball in the 2 corners of the field 15 times (s)

Assesses speed, endurance and motor coordination

TLCM19

Drop the net and combine with a 3m step back and hit the ball 10 times (s)

Assesses speed, strength, endurance, flexibility and ability

motor coordination

TLCM24

Double jump rope 1 minute (times)

Evaluate speed and endurance


Technique


KT1

Short serve into 30x30cm box 20 balls (balls)

Short serve technique review

KT2

High serve into 50x50cm box 20 balls

Evaluation of high and long serve technique

KT3

Backhand straight shot into the box

670x50cm 10 fruits

Backhand smash technique review

straight line


KT4

Backhand diagonal smash into box 670x50cm 10 balls (balls)

Review of diagonal backhand smash technique

KT8

High and straight shot 20

fruit in 1x1m box (fruit)

Technical evaluation of high and long shots

straight line

KT9

Hit the shuttlecock 20 balls diagonally into the 1x1m box (balls)

Evaluation of the technique of hitting the shuttlecock high and far from the diagonal line

KT11

Hang 20 diagonal balls into the box

100x100cm (fruit)

Technical evaluation of suspension bridges

cross

KT21

Forehand straight hit into box 670x50cm 10 balls (balls)

Technical evaluation of straight line forehand smash

KT22

Diagonal forehand smash

670x50cm umbrella 10 pieces (pieces)

Forehand smash technique review

diagonal

KT23

Hang 20 balls in a straight line in a 100x100cm square (balls)

Technical evaluation of straight line bridge suspension


Strategy


CT1

Drop the net and combine with a 3m step back and hit the ball 10 times (s)

Assess flexibility, speed, and coordination

CT2

Attack 2 end corners 10 times (s)

Evaluate flexibility, adaptability and attack effectiveness

CT3

Move the shuttlecock to 2 corners on the net

10 times (s)

Assess flexibility, ability

motor coordination

CT4

Combine short serve and high cross-court shot into 76x290cm box 20 balls (balls)

Assess motor coordination, flexibility, responsiveness and attack effectiveness

CT5

Combine low close serve and straight smash into 670x100cm box

10 fruits (fruits).

Assess motor coordination, flexibility, and adaptability

and attack effectiveness

CT6

Combine low serve and diagonal serve into 198x100cm box 20 balls (balls).

Assess motor coordination, flexibility, responsiveness and attack effectiveness

CT7

Competition

Evaluate the athlete's tactical thinking ability, improvisation ability, flexibility, situation handling ability, motor coordination ability, and strengths.

own and opponent's points, skillfully use techniques...

Table 3.20. Determining the purpose and evaluating psychological characteristics indicators


Convention

Psychometric index

Purpose

Psychological assessment

TL1

Single reflex (ms):

Assess the ability to concentrate, react quickly to signals

sudden signal;

Psychomotor ability: ability to coordinate movements, sense of force, perception of space, time, rhythm.

TL2

Complex reflex

(ms):

Assess the ability to concentrate and pay attention,

respond to unexpected and unanticipated signals;

TL3

Neurological Type (Score)

Is a combination of neurological properties that reflect the functional capacity of the nervous system.

Assess physical fitness; prescribe training and competition, rest, and sports regimen; Assess ability to grasp movement techniques and speed

degree, coordination of movement.

TL6

Working memory efficiency (đ):

Predict the probability of match situations occurring accurately;

Psycho-intellectual abilities in terms of information acquisition (sensation, perception), operational thinking, memory (visual, motor), sense of energy distribution, attention qualities (including concentration, distribution and movement).

TL7

General note

(p):

Predicting athletes' psychological reliability before competitions;

TL8

Pay attention (s) (Multiple choice test)

into concept):

Tests attention span and information processing speed;

TL9

Attentional stability

(D):

Assesses the ability to maintain the required intensity of attention over a long period of time;

TL11

Feeling of hand muscle strength (%)

Assess the ability to sense force and power in each movement

TL12

Operational thinking

(p):

Assessing psychological stress in terms of perception time (information acquisition), situation evaluation (information processing), and decision time

action (speed and accuracy of mental operations) is limited;

TL13

Stress test

Assessing qualities and abilities: willpower, concentration, thinking to overcome stress and fatigue;

Psychological capacity: high willpower, perseverance, determination, courage, ambition, and high sense of purpose.

TL14

Willpower:

Assesses the effort required to overcome fatigue and muscle tension

big during the competition;


Discuss the results of the assessment of the level of suitability and determine the indicators and tests of pedagogical characteristics of high-level CL athletes

As with the above biological indicators/tests, the pedagogical indicators/tests on CL in many research works rarely have authors evaluate the suitability of the indicators/tests, but only stop at determining the reliability and correlation between the tests without confirming the specific suitability of the tests on the research subjects.

Continuing to determine the suitability of the indicators/tests with 2 interviews with experts, scientists, and professionals, it was found that all pedagogical indicators were suitable for the structure and characteristics of the research subject.

Determining the purpose of pedagogical characteristic indicators is the basis for assessing the suitability of pedagogical indicators/tests for high-level CL athletes. Presented in table 3.19.

Discuss the results of the assessment of the level of suitability and determine the indicators and tests of psychological characteristics of high-level CL athletes.

The psychology in sports competition requires a combination of psychological abilities in terms of intelligence, will, courage, and ambition to win of athletes in conditions of intense competition. For CL athletes, it is not outside the above psychological developments and there are also specific psychological characteristics of CL such as the tension when struggling for each point, if the athlete's psychology is unstable and lacks courage, they will lose the chance to win in the end. On that basis, the thesis determines the combination of typical psychological indicators: Single reflex (ms), Complex reflex (ms), Neurological type (Score), Operational memory efficiency (đ), Synthetic attention (p), Attention concentration (đ) (Concept formation test), Attention stability (đ), Feeling of hand muscle strength (%), Operational thinking (p), Stress test, Willpower, Achievement ambition (score) suitable for the structure and characteristics to build a model of high-level CL athletes with the purpose of specifically assessing the psychological capacities of CL athletes. Presented in table 3.20.


3.1.7.4. Discussion on the correlation through 2 tests of selected biological, pedagogical and psychological indicators and tests in building a high-level CL athlete model

Determine the correlation through 2 tests of the indicators/tests that have been emphasized by many scientists in scientific research works on sports performance such as Harre D (1996), Duong Nghiep Chi, Le Van Lam, Nguyen Xuan Sinh, Nguyen Kim Minh, Nguyen The Truyen...

According to Duong Nghiep Chi and colleagues (2004), "Test reliability is the level of agreement between the results of multiple tests on the same number of experimental subjects under the same conditions, called test reliability" [8, p. 77]. "In the case of only testing twice (and the test results do not increase or decrease systematically through the tests), the correlation coefficient within the classes and the pairwise correlation coefficient often overlap. In other words, the pairwise correlation coefficient between two quantities (the quantity of the first test result and the quantity of the second test result) can be used to evaluate the reliability of the test in the case of two repeated tests with the same conditions, the same method, and homogeneous subjects [8, pp. 79-80]".

Author Dam Tuan Khoi (2012) [24], used correlation coefficient (r) testing through 2 test setups to determine the reliability of the assessment criteria of male high-level CL athletes.

Author Ly Dai Nghia (2016) [43], conducting research on "Characteristics of physiological and psychological functions and physical qualities of Ho Chi Minh City Judo team athletes", conducted a correlation coefficient test twice to check the criteria in his research steps before putting the tests into practice on the research subjects.

In addition, there are many other authors such as Le Hong Son (2006), Trinh Toan (2013), Dam Tuan Khoi (2012), Tran Quang Cuong (2012), Ngo Huu Thang (2014), Khoa Trung Kien (2011), Bui Thi Hai Yen (2011), Dao Binh An (2011),...


Both used correlation assessment through 2 tests of indicators, test to determine the reliability of indicators, test in the research content.

Thus, the thesis conducts correlation determination through 2 tests of indicators, biological, pedagogical and psychological characteristics in building a high-level CL athlete model, which is appropriate in the research steps.

3.1.7.5. Discussion on the evaluation of the correlation between competition performance and selected biological, pedagogical and psychological indicators and tests in the construction of a high-level CL athlete model

According to Duong Nghiep Chi et al. (2014) [8], In sports measurement, the common index is sports performance, according to the Spirmen rank correlation formula. Experimental reporting includes comparing test results with a number of indicators. Therefore, people calculate the correlation coefficient between the test and the index (this coefficient is called the reporting coefficient). The reporting coefficient is very closely related to the reliability of the test. A test that is not reliable enough is often not reporting. In practice, if the reporting coefficient is not less than 0.3, the test can be used, and if the reporting coefficient is not less than 0.6, the test can also be used for prediction.

According to Le Van Lam, Pham Xuan Thanh (2007) [27], The same test can have many different informativeness, comparing the experimental results with an index. The correlation coefficient between the test results and the index is called the informativeness coefficient of the test, denoted as Rtc (t - test, c - index). A test with sufficient reliability (r>=0.8) has informativeness (r>=0.6). In practice: Rtc ≥ 0.3 Test can be used; Rtc ≥ 0.6 Test can be used for prediction; Rtc ≥ 0.6: Test has informativeness. The informativeness of a group of tests is greater than that of a single test.

In many research works on sports HL, many authors use the Spirmen rank correlation formula to evaluate the correlation between competition performance and indicators and tests such as: Le Hong Son (2006), Khoa Trung Kien (2011), Bui Thi Hai Yen (2011), Dao Binh An (2011), Dam Tuan Khoi (2012), Tran Quang Cuong (2012), Trinh Toan (2013), Ngo Huu Thang (2014), Ly Dai Nghia (2016),...

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