Closely Combining Law With Other Social Institutions To Ensure And Promote The Implementation Of Human Duties

Or the law of Cause and Effect is also clearly shown through many famous quotes such as: " Actions make us, or destroy us, we are the results of our own actions " (French writer Victor Hugo); " The future is bought with the present " (British philosopher Samuel Johnson); " Shallow people believe in luck. Strong people believe in cause and effect " (American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson); " Sooner or later our thoughts, words and actions will return to us with unexpected accuracy " (American writer - artist Florence Scovel Shinn)...

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Through the teachings of famous people, proverbs and famous quotes mentioned above, it can be understood that Karma is a law of fairness and objectivity, not created by anyone, nor does it depend on the subjective will of anyone, including gods, kings, priests or legislators...

We can consider the Law of Cause and Effect as a postulate like the Euclid postulate in mathematics, a truth that does not need to be proven, but from which we can develop a great scientific system behind it. Although the existence and operation of the Law of Cause and Effect have not been confirmed by official scientific conclusions, if applied to life, the Law of Cause and Effect will bring great and practical benefits to society . Belief in Cause and Effect helps people to adjust their own behavior so as not to do evil, causing harm to everyone and all species. Belief in Cause and Effect also has the ability to transform people from bad to good, from good to holy, helping people have a high sense of responsibility. The following are some specific benefits for those who believe in, understand and apply Cause and Effect in life:

First, know how to control yourself so as not to harm the interests of others or the community. People who believe in Karma always weigh good and evil, and make correct judgments.

- deeply wrong, always carefully evaluate every thought, word and action. They know how to control themselves, do not dare to act according to the "strong wins, weak loses" point of view to avoid harming the interests of others or the community. Controlling oneself also helps that person always have psychological and moral stability, have prestige, and be loved and trusted by others.

Second, do not indulge excessively. According to the theory of the Law of Cause and Effect, when we do good deeds, we create some invisible blessings, and when the time is right, these blessings will turn into specific luck and happiness in our lives. However, if we enjoy all the advantages (blessings), the invisible blessings will gradually run out and we will become less fortunate in the future. To prevent the invisible blessings from running out, we must know how to control our needs within a reasonable limit, not indulge excessively, and continue to do good deeds by serving and contributing to create invisible blessings forever.

Third, live diligently, devotedly, and have a high sense of responsibility. People who believe in Cause and Effect will be very diligent, very fond of serving to bring benefits to others. The obligations required by law, the responsibilities required by the community, they will carry out with all their heart. Initially, diligence and dedication come from the heart wishing for good results, but later, diligence and dedication will become a way of life, a way of behaving, a natural moral quality.

221 See Thich Chan Quang (2016), Karma and Results , Religion Publishing House, Hanoi, on some theories of Cause and Effect - Karma from a scientific perspective.

Fourth, create a good mutual society. People who believe in Karma will always treat people sincerely. That sincerity will create trust and confidence in those around them. Thanks to trust and confidence, people will easily cooperate with each other to build a good mutual society. People who believe in Karma are also always willing to help others. Helping each other will also contribute to creating such a good mutual society.

Fifth, it greatly reduces pressure on the judiciary. People who believe in Karma are people who always avoid making mistakes even in the smallest thoughts, words and actions, so they are always exemplary in obeying the law. For them, the risk of violating the law, especially criminal law, is almost non-existent. If everyone is exemplary in obeying the law, the pressure on the judiciary will be greatly reduced (for activities of suppression, investigation, prosecution, trial, execution of sentences, etc.).

In short, the theoretical system of human ethics will be perfected if the law of Cause and Effect is systematically studied. The general morality of society will be greatly improved if every student from an early age is thoroughly taught about the awareness of good and evil, sin and blessing, and about proper behavior. Illegal acts will be greatly reduced if this law is included in the educational program at all levels and becomes a compulsory subject. Believing in and applying the law of Cause and Effect is also a special method of moral cultivation. If one has a deep belief in Cause and Effect, one will have a high sense of responsibility in fulfilling one's obligations.

4.2.4.2. Closely combine law with other social institutions to ensure and promote the implementation of human obligations.

Human obligations are a broad concept, expressed in many different fields. Human obligations are not only recognized in law but also in many other tools to regulate social relations. This requires a close and harmonious combination between law and other tools to recognize and ensure their implementation.

i. Combining law with ethics

In order for the combination of ethics and law on Human Obligations to be carried out effectively, promoting advantages and overcoming limitations of each other, we need to pay attention to the following points:

Firstly , the combination of law and ethics must be thoroughly understood throughout the activities of building, implementing and protecting the law. Building the law must be based on

ethical foundation, do not issue regulations on Human Obligations that are unethical. In the process of enforcing the law on Human Obligations, it is also necessary to always pay attention to combining ethical factors. In the activities of protecting the law on Human Obligations, it is also necessary to attach great importance to educating and persuading so that the person being punished will be "convinced", voluntarily accept the punishment and not re-offend.

Second , the dissemination of the law on Human Obligations must be combined with moral education. This needs to be done not only in schools but also in every family, agency, organization and the whole society.

Third , social and professional organizations need to coordinate with the state to promulgate or amend and supplement professional ethics codes to create codes of conduct appropriate to the characteristics of each profession in today's modern society.

In the current social management tools, law and morality play the most important role. Law ensures the reasonable coordination of Rights and Obligations, while personal morality will help a person voluntarily fulfill his/her Obligations in happiness and not in misery. This is the transitional connection between law and morality that is very subtle. In reality, there are very complicated issues that if the law is applied rigidly, it will lead to extremism and deadlock. A typical example is the issue of Private Property Rights.

The right to private property (or the right to private ownership) is one of the legitimate rights of human beings. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789, Article 17 affirms: “ Property is a sacred and inviolable right, no one may be deprived of property ”. In the UDHR, Article 17 states: “ Everyone has the right to own property, either alone or in association with others. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of his property ”. In Vietnam, Article 32 of the 2013 Constitution states: “ The right to private ownership and the right to inheritance are protected by law ”.

Private property rights have a strong impact on society in two ways. In a positive way, Private property rights help increase labor productivity. When people are assured that all the wealth they create will belong to them, they will feel secure in working and working. Because they are assured that their interests will be protected fairly by the law, the more they want to own more, the more enthusiastic they will be to try to create more wealth. This promotes the continuous increase in labor productivity of the whole society.

On the contrary, based on the Right to Private Property, there are people who will accumulate a huge amount of assets, and their power will also grow (can be considered a type of civil power), sometimes competing with state power and very easily becoming manipulation and exploitation. If because of fear of this type of civil power, the Right to Private Property is abolished,

Private ownership is no different than cutting off people's motivation to work hard, hindering labor productivity, and possibly putting society at risk of collapse due to lack of resources.

Maintaining the people's legitimate right to private property while not creating a force of manipulation and exploitation is a difficult problem that cannot be solved completely by relying solely on legal tools. Society urgently needs another tool combined with the law to handle this problem. The ethical tool at this time will be a useful solution to prevent the risk of using private property to exploit or compete with state power.

When a person accumulates a large amount of assets, the law will protect their “Property Rights”, they are allowed to own their assets, but at the same time, they must also have “Property Obligations” which is to use those assets ethically, bringing benefits to many people. The rich should know how to share and help the poor, that is a way to fulfill their “Property Obligations”. Businessmen should put profit as secondary, try to create more jobs for people, that is also fulfilling their “Property Obligations”… The State needs to have an educational policy, orienting people about “Property Obligations” right from the time they start working to build their careers. The State should effectively use ethical tools to encourage people to love fulfilling their “Property Obligations”. Thus, people need the Right to Private Property to feel secure in their work and increase labor productivity. Human beings also need Property Obligations guaranteed by legal instruments and promoted by moral instruments to restrain the negative side of Private Property Rights.

Figure 4 - Property Rights Diagram

ii. Combining law with religious beliefs

To combine law and religious beliefs well in ensuring and promoting the implementation of human obligations, we need to take the following measures:

Firstly , promote the dissemination of law in areas where many religious people live; promote the role of religious dignitaries and monks in the dissemination of law because these people have good connections with religious people. In general, religious teachings direct people to truth, goodness, beauty, justice, and humanity. The similarity in the goals of law and religion is a favorable condition for integrating the dissemination of law into the dissemination of religious teachings. This is completely reasonable because religious followers are also human beings and must have all the obligations of an individual towards the social community.

To do this, the state must encourage, even force, religious dignitaries and monks to have a firm grasp of legal regulations and be exemplary in law enforcement. From there, they will know how to harmoniously combine the law with religious beliefs to mobilize believers to voluntarily fulfill their human obligations and live a good life.

Second , state representatives in social management need to have a certain understanding of religious beliefs to support religious activists in performing their responsibilities better. Positive things in religious teachings need to be promoted to educate people in virtues such as love for humanity, patriotism, love for work, living for everyone, obeying the law, etc. When each citizen forms such awareness, they will perform their duties voluntarily, thoughtfully, and with goodwill because they want to bring benefits to the community.

Third , the state needs to harmoniously combine law and religious beliefs to promote the advantages and overcome the limitations of each tool. Continuously improve the effectiveness of law and religious beliefs to ensure and promote the effective implementation of obligations.

Fourth , the law needs to increase recognition of regulations on human obligations with good cultural values ​​in religious beliefs to strengthen social ethics, strengthen national culture, and arouse the spirit of solidarity and mutual love.

iii. Combining laws with regulations of organizations

To closely combine the law with the regulations of organizations in ensuring the implementation of Human Obligations, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities as follows:

Firstly , expanding and diversifying the forms of gathering people to participate in mass organizations, social, cultural, charitable and humanitarian organizations, etc. Once members of an organization, individuals will have additional mechanisms to monitor the implementation of human obligations. Especially for charitable and humanitarian organizations, members are given the opportunity to implement outstanding obligations and contribute more to the community.

Second , regularly inspect the compliance with the law on Human Obligations of organizations, including domestic and foreign organizations.

Third , on the basis of the law, organizations must amend and supplement the regulations on the Obligations of their members to be consistent with the Obligations of Humans in the law, in accordance with the circumstances of the country and the world. The State needs to encourage organizations to propose more proactive Obligations, or set higher requirements for Obligations than the Obligations in the law, but still in accordance with the capabilities of the members.

The above activities are not only meaningful in improving the effectiveness of the implementation of the Obligations of the organization members themselves but also indirectly affect their family members and the surrounding community.

iv. Combining law with belief in Karma

Belief in Karma is an extremely effective tool to ensure and promote human obligations. It helps prevent violations of obligations right from people's thinking. Belief in Karma is also a very necessary supplement to the Law, because not all violations of the law are detected and handled by the authorities, and not all forms of legal handling achieve absolute fairness. Meanwhile, if people have faith in Karma, they will see their own judgment so that they will never do wrong. They believe in the fairness of heaven and earth, believe in the notion that "the net of heaven is vast, although sparse, it is difficult to escape" and do not want to receive a painful retribution in the future. Moreover, people who have faith in Karma are also exemplary law-abiding people, they have a very high sense of responsibility, they fully perform their legal obligations, they devote themselves to serving life, they are the belief, the spiritual support for everyone around them.

The combination of Law and Belief in Karma needs to be further focused on. The most practical way to combine is to integrate Belief in Karma into legal propaganda activities, especially in schools. In that integration, we need to effectively use folk songs, proverbs, idioms, sayings, and aphorisms.

Sayings, famous quotes, and life mottos with educational content about the belief in Cause and Effect such as "good will be rewarded", "reap what you sow", "evil will be punished"... to help learners imbue the ideology of avoiding evil, doing good, and voluntarily fulfilling human duties.

4.2.5. Proposal for a Universal Declaration on Human Duties

As analyzed, the excessive emphasis on Rights has caused many consequences for humanity and covered all areas from security, politics, economy, environment to socio-culture. One of the serious consequences is that people become indifferent, selfish and gradually lose their noble qualities. Realizing the cause of these consequences is the imbalance between Human Rights and Obligations, since the 90s of the 20th century, a movement to enhance the role of Obligations and promote the implementation of Obligations has been initiated. Although this movement has caused a certain resonance, contributing to awakening people to the danger of demanding excessive Human Rights, however, because the theoretical foundations of Human Obligations have not been built firmly and deeply, it has not been able to convince the international community as desired.

Looking back at the issue comprehensively, the birth of UDHR has brought about some good results at certain historical moments. However, at present, the promotion of Rights is no longer appropriate. This is the time when people need to aim for a balance in enjoying Rights and implementing Obligations to regain balance in psychology and in life. Civilized society with global connectivity is also demanding a common ethical standard so that people can interact with each other in solidarity, mutual assistance and affection. Under the lens of science, intelligence and ethics, the thesis has focused on clarifying the role of Human Obligations as well as the close correlation between Human Rights and Obligations. Some arguments are affirmed as follows:

First, just as humans need Rights to live and pursue happiness, they also need Duties commensurate with those Rights.

Second, when people perform many Duties, their dignity is increased accordingly, and they are contributing to building a better society.

Third, in some cases, Obligations should be enforced more than Rights to help society be sustainable and developed.

In this thesis, we conducted a practical sociological survey on the community's views on Rights and Duties. The result was that 85.42% of the respondents