THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE
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HOANG THI HUE DINH
Y PHUONG BILINGUAL POETRY
Major: Vietnamese Literature Code: 602 22 01 21
MASTER'S THESIS IN VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Instructor: Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Thi Viet Trung
Thai Nguyen, 2016
With deep respect and gratitude, I would like to sincerely thank Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Thi Viet Trung - who has wholeheartedly guided and helped me throughout the process of writing my thesis.
I would like to sincerely thank the Board of Directors and teachers of the Faculty of Literature.
- Society, University of Science - Thai Nguyen University has helped and created favorable conditions for me during my study and research at the school.
I would like to thank poet Y Phuong for his enthusiastic help and providing me with valuable information and materials to complete this thesis.
Finally, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my family and friends who have encouraged, cared, shared and created conditions to help me complete this thesis well.
Thai Nguyen, October 2016
Author of Thesis
Hoang Thi Hue Dinh
I hereby declare that this is my research work under the guidance of Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Thi Viet Trung. The results stated in this thesis are honest and have not been published in any other work.
Thank you very much!
Thai Nguyen, October 2016
Students
Hoang Thi Hue Dinh
Confirm
Of the head of the department
Confirm
Of the science instructor
INDEX
COMMITMENT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Reason for choosing topic 1
2. History of research problem 5
3. Research objects and objectives 11
4. Research tasks and methods 12
5. Scope of research 13
6. Structure of the thesis 13
7. Contribution of the thesis 13
Chapter 1 Y PHUONG - A REPRESENTATIVE TAY ETHNIC POET OF THE MODERN PERIOD 14
1.1 Some features of Y Phuong - Tay poet from "Cao Bang mountains and rivers" 14
1.1.1. Biography of poet Y Phuong 14
1.1.2. Y Phuong's creative career 19
1.2. Y Phuong's concept of literary creation 27
Chapter 2 TAY IDENTITY IN Y PHUONG'S BILINGUAL POETRY40
2.1. Tay identity in poetic language 41
2.2. Tay identity from the perspective of content 49
2.2.1. Natural picture of Tay village in Cao Bang 49
2.2.2. The image of "my fellow countrymen" is full of love and pride but also has a hint of sadness 51
2.2.3. Be proud of the beautiful customs and practices in the Tay community. 58
2.3. Expression and poetic imagery imbued with Tay culture 66
2.3.1. Tay-style expression 66
2.3.2. Some poetic images with typical features of the border region 70
Chapter 3 MODERNISM IN BILINGUAL POETRY OF Y PHUONG .. 76
3.1. Inheriting traditional poetry on the basis of innovation and creativity 76
3.1.1. Creatively inheriting traditional poetry 76
3.1.2. Poetic images imbued with the character of the mountains, both familiar and new... 82
3.2. Modernity in bilingual poetry Y Phuong 86
3.2.1. Modernity in expressing poetic ideas 86
3.2.2. Modernity in social issues that the poet is interested in 87
3.2.3. Modernity in poetic language 91
CONCLUSION 98
REFERENCES 103
INTRODUCTION
1. Reason for choosing the topic
1.1. Modern poetry of ethnic minorities in particular, modern literature of ethnic minorities in general, has long been affirmed as a part of literature with beauty and its own nuances, deeply imprinted with the soul and rich in the cultural identity of ethnic groups with many unique creative personalities. Particularly in the field of poetry, ethnic minority poets have contributed to modern Vietnamese poetry a distinct voice, imbued with ethnic and mountainous characteristics with many new faces and different tones. Each of them has created a voice, a face, a distinct and unique poetic style. For example, the poetry of poets: Nong Quoc Chan, Nong Viet Toai, Trieu An; Mai Lieu, Duong Thuan, Luong Dinh, Trieu Lam Chau... (Tay ethnic group); Ban Tai Doan, Trieu Kim Van... (Dao ethnic group); Cam Bieu, Vuong Trung, Lo Van Cay, Lo Cao Nhum... (Thai ethnic group); Ma The Vinh (Nung ethnic group); Vuong Anh, Bui Tuyet Mai... (Muong ethnic group); Lo Ngan Sun... (Giay ethnic group); Lam Quy... (Cao Lan ethnic group), Po Sao Min... (Pa Di ethnic group), Du Thi Hoan... (Hoa ethnic group); Inrasara... (Cham ethnic group); Hung Dinh Quy, Ma A Lenh... (Mong ethnic group); Ho Ve... (Ho Re ethnic group); Tran Thanh Pon... (Khmer ethnic group)... Among them, poet Tay Y Phuong emerged as one of the most typical and outstanding Vietnamese poets among the modern ethnic minority poets. With the concept that "Literature is a way to repay those who gave birth to and raised you ", for nearly 40 years, he has been quietly composing, quietly experimenting and constantly working creatively to be able to publish a not-so-modest volume of works, including: 1 play, 3 essays, 2 epics, 7 poetry collections. Including 2 bilingual poetry collections in Tay - Vietnamese with a total of 152 poems. His name is associated with " The Season of Bountiful Flowers " with the following Awards: A Prize of the Vietnam Writers Association, 1987 ( January Singing - Poetry); A Prize of the Vietnam Writers Association, 1992 ( Wishings - Poetry); B Prize (no A Prize) Ministry
National Defense, 2000 ( Nine Months - Long Poem); First Prize in the Poetry Contest of the Army Literature and Arts Magazine in 1984 (poems: Khau Lieu Defense Line, Village Name, Talking to My Child ). In addition, he also received many other awards from the Literature and Arts Weekly of the Vietnam Association of Ethnic Minorities Literature and Arts. In particular, he is one of the few ethnic minority authors to receive the State Prize for Literature and Arts (with 3 poetry collections: January Singing, Nine Months, and Wishes ). He is one of the rare ethnic minority poets to be honored with the State Prize for Literature and Arts. From this, it can be seen that research on Y Phuong's poetry, especially his bilingual poetry - his unique and distinctive poetry, which contributes to creating a very traditional, "very Tay" but also very modern Y Phuong - is a necessary task in the current period.
1.2. Reading Y Phuong's poetry, we see that it is always imbued with love for one's homeland, country, and people. But the difference between him and previous poets is the way he expressed that spirit from a new perspective and method. If the poetry of Nong Quoc Chan, Ban Tai Doan, Nong Viet Toai, Trieu An... directly took the image of homeland and country as the main theme, they wrote poetry to sing a heroic song about love for homeland, country, and people, about the great changes in the fate of the nation, from a life of hunger and poverty, slavery to standing up to be the masters of life - then Y Phuong's poetry is an expansion of the range of topics. He wrote about many different topics (about life and people in the mountains during both war and peacetime; people's lives in urban areas; about family affection, love between couples, about the individual ego) with his own deep feelings and aspirations... And in every topic, Y Phuong expressed himself very successfully. Compared to Tay poets in particular and ethnic minority poets in general of the same period, Y Phuong is one of the few poets who has a deep awareness of the need to compose poetry in his mother tongue (and then translate it into Vietnamese). This is a unique feature, a characteristic, clearly and vividly expressing his national character, national identity and passion for his national language.
Therefore, studying Y Phuong's bilingual poetry will see the Tay identity appear in a very bold, vivid and specific way in each of his works. Through that, we can see his life experience as well as the height and depth of culture in him. He understands better than anyone - culture is the endogenous strength, the source of national values with Tay villages: "The walls of the house are filled with songs" , with the belief "As long as there is a homeland, we will make customs" !. But what is valuable about this Tay poet is that he did not limit his pen to just reflecting the daily life of the Tay people - but went beyond, reaching out as a link with the poetry of other ethnic groups. That is why his poetry, with the expansion of the range of topics and themes but still imbued with the cultural identity of "our people", still expands, harmonizes with other large cultural regions to join the poetic river of the Vietnamese people in general.
Inheriting and possessing a rich traditional Tay cultural treasure, he flexibly used folk poetry to express and convey colorful slices of life, activities, customs, language, cuisine, costumes, folk games... of his homeland and people. He skillfully applied Tay folk songs to create lyrical verses, rich in images and associations. Y Phuong knew how to select from his ethnic language treasure the typical materials to create a unique artistic language for his works. His poetic style is both modern and national, because he has combined the cultural and literary traditions of his homeland Cao Bang, of the Tay people with the culture of all other regions of the country and has proactively approached the modern culture and literature of the Vietnamese people in the 21st century. Reading Y Phuong's poetry, one can clearly feel the simplicity, innocence and stillness due to his sincere and profound writing style. Y Phuong's artistic world is diverse and rich, but still has its own characteristics (its own space, its own time, and its own psychological rules of the mountain people...). That artistic world corresponds to a unique concept of reality, of life, and of humanity.