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Reference Table of Prices for Toilet Types and Toilet Parts

The sanitary market needs to offer products that are both affordable and meet the desired characteristics of rural households: a durable, comfortable, easy-to-clean toilet.

The structure of the septic tank can be resized to reduce production costs without affecting durability and other key characteristics. In addition, costs can be reduced by saving on labor and material costs according to the following options:

- Using concrete pipes to make septic tanks for septic tanks and permeable tanks. This technology helps reduce up to 50% of the total cost of producing the tank, thanks to saving labor and production materials. Because the pipes can be produced in advance, the family can contribute up to 80% of the construction cost of the tank.

- Using cement bricks to build the entire house instead of red bricks can reduce construction costs by up to 25%, because cement bricks are cheaper and available locally.

Local businesses can easily adopt the above technical solutions to increase the affordability of NT septic products.

The establishments can also provide cement bricks for households who want to build dry houses or do not have water/land conditions to build flush houses.

Households can participate in supporting construction with all of the above-mentioned NT construction options. Thanks to simple NT design, specialized labor requirements, and self-construction instructions (dry NT only), households can save on labor costs and access necessary information about NT construction.

- NTHVS businesses need to focus on low-cost product solutions ranging from 1 to 5 million VND.

Table 14. Reference table of prices for toilet types and toilet parts


NT Type

Part

Price level

NT septic/permeable

Tank & floor + body & roof

temporary

1 - 2 million

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NT Type

Part

Price level

NT septic/permeable

Pool & floor section + Self-build body section

& temporary roof

3-4 million

NT septic/permeable

Pool & Floor + Hire Builders

temporary body & roof

4-5 million

TOTAL

Medium

3 million

(Source: SNV and Codespa organizations applied in Hoa Binh province)


The Center for Health Protection will support the establishment of CHTIs and the store's marketing and distribution network by promoting this business model and coordinating with businesses/business establishments and service providers currently participating in the sanitation market. The proposed business model for Chan Son commune areas in general and for Dao households in particular is the CHTI model. CHTIs will solve the difficulties mentioned above by providing NTHVS products according to the following diagram:

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Figure 7: Convenience store business model

The CHTI business model has the following characteristics and benefits for customers who need to build NT:

- Full NT construction and installation service: Provide all necessary materials to build NT components: tank, floor, body - roof (including ceramic base, plastic pipes and other equipment).

- Specialization in NT construction through trained and certified NT construction masons. CHTIs will build a network of trusted masons to install their NT products.

- Transport construction materials and sanitary equipment to customers' homes.

- Financial support for customers, allowing deferred payment from 4 - 6 months and even up to 12 months depending on each case.

- Sales representatives will support and provide information to households about NT types, prices, requirements for NT use and preservation. CHTI will develop a network of representatives at commune and village levels to contact and connect directly with customers. Representatives will actively promote and market NT products when visiting households in the village to increase demand for NTVS.

With this all-inclusive service, CHTI customers can save significantly on transaction costs and simplify the NT purchasing process. Households only have to negotiate and transact with a single supplier instead of having to go to many different places (construction workers, many retailers, transportation service providers and financial services). The CHTI model will encapsulate everything into only 1 supplier and 1 single service cost. Currently, some northern mountainous provinces such as Hoa Binh, Ha Giang, Dien Bien have established these CHTI systems and are operating very effectively.

- The CHTI selection process includes the following basic steps:

+ Promote the business model to business owners/establishments currently participating in the cleaning or construction market

+ Assess the capacity and suitability of potential businesses to become CHTIs according to specific selection criteria. Careful selection is needed to increase the effectiveness of training activities and lay a solid foundation for the development of the sanitation market.

+ Meet with business owners/establishments and agree on the terms of cooperation in a memorandum of understanding, including CHTI's commitment to invest in the necessary equipment to produce low-cost NT.

- Developing a service and sales network for CHTIs: CHTIs need a construction and sales team to be able to reach rural areas and get enough orders to ensure stable business operations of the store. The Center for Health Protection can support CHTIs in building a network of sales collaborators to promote CHTI products and services and a network of masons to provide quality construction and installation services.

- Establishing a network of builders: CHTI needs to establish a network of builders to be able to provide a complete package of NT products while managing the construction quality of the products. It is very likely that CHTIs when starting the model will not have specialized NT construction staff, so the store will need a network of builders capable of fulfilling orders.

The process of selecting masons should only begin after the PPC has reached preliminary agreement with the CHTI on the number of communes and locations for the CHTI to develop its market.

To establish a network of masons, the CDC will provide advice to the shop on how to select masons, promote the business opportunity to local masons, and inform CHTI of potential masons who are interested in working with them. Health workers will prioritize masons who work regularly in the local area, are reputable, and have experience in building NTs.

- Selecting sales collaborators: This is an activity to support CHTIs in building a network of sales collaborators responsible for marketing and selling for CHTIs at the village level. Specifically:

+ Support providing businesses with specific cooperation plans with village-level sales agents, possibly based on a commission mechanism as for commune-level sales agents.

+ Support CHTIs in selecting candidates as collaborators, prioritizing members of mass organizations, with good communication skills, experience in participating in community activities and social responsibility.

+ Train CHTIs on how to build their own marketing networks so they can continue to expand their operations after the sanitation program stops supporting them.

+ The District Health Center will coordinate with commune health workers and the Commune People's Committee to select sales collaborators, giving priority to Women's Union members, because these are the people who best understand the local conditions or are local people with experience in communications or marketing.

CHTI will manage its own network of collaborators. Provincial and district preventive health centers will only support network building and organize training in some basic skills.

3.5.3. Basic activity groups


The basic working group or can be called the propaganda group (TTV) includes: Village health workers, village dignitaries such as village chiefs, village elders... This group will have the task of guiding and supervising people in building and using NTHVS. At the same time, set an example and reward households that have built and used NTHVS; criticize and urge households that do not have NTHVS.

Village TTVs will use the following documents to support household visits.

- NT product catalog.

The product catalogue is a tool to support village TTVs in explaining the types of sanitary ware, their main characteristics, and the estimated cost of each sanitary ware component (tank, floor, and roof), depending on the size and material of the sanitary ware. The product catalogue should have a commercial design to attract potential customers, which are households.

- TTV can use the technical documents that have been presented in the village meetings but in a smaller size, including information on the set of standards for construction, use and maintenance of NTHVS.

- When the TTVs visit households, there will be households that cannot afford to buy NT. In this case, they will receive leaflets instructing them to build their own low-cost NT that meets the criteria set by the Ministry of Health.

- TTVs can also provide leaflets on how to use and preserve NT. NT suppliers and collaborators can distribute these stickers to households.

people, depending on their type of NT, to affix to the inside of the NT so that the NT user can easily read and apply the information given on the label.

- The core activity group is mainly supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and related partners to develop the supply chain.

+ Building CHTI network

+ Capacity development for CHTI network

+ Provide financial solutions for customers and CHTI

+ Support marketing activities to create demand for CHTI products


3.5.3. Extended activity group


The extended team includes a number of additional communication activities to reach more households, including some mass media tools and activities organized at the commune level with a wider target audience than the village level activities. The extended team will accelerate the rate of increase in the rate of adoption of the desired behaviors. Localities should consider the available funding before deciding to use this team of activities.

The expanded operations group includes the following communication channels:

- Hygiene Day;

- Outdoor media: Wall paintings/panels;

- Print media communication: posting news in newspapers;

- Media on television and radio: news on television

- Commune-level fair “Sanitation Day”: In this activity, the locality will organize a large event to promote the types of sanitation facilities and launch a competition movement among villages in the commune to increase the coverage rate of sanitation facilities. This activity can also combine the organization of social support activities to build sanitation facilities and strengthen the regulations of the village government.

This event can be held annually, requiring active participation from private enterprises. NT businesses need to take advantage of events with large crowds to introduce their sanitation products and services.

even offer promotions during the sanitation festival. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention needs to support these businesses to participate in this festival.

The festival can be held during the day or in the evening, but the duration should only be 3-4 hours. Activities should be organized for villagers to participate, such as competitions, performances, and games directly or indirectly related to sanitation issues. After the first Sanitation Festival, the locality can continue a similar event every year to announce the results of the emulation movement and award prizes to the winning village. The festival can be held on special occasions during the year, such as World Sanitation Day (November 19), Patriotic Hygiene Day (July 2), and Global Handwashing Day (October 15).

- Providing marketing materials for CHTIs and sales networks: When first developing the sanitation market, CHTIs and sales networks will need to have branding strategies. Corporate identity products such as T-shirts, hats for sales staff, or other communication materials such as billboards, slogans, and sanitation newsletters will be effective advertising tools for stores, helping stores save on marketing costs when entering the market, although CHTIs may find it difficult to pay for these costs. Therefore, the Center for Health Protection can support suppliers to develop the market if available funds, which is also an indirect way to reduce the cost of building NT for households. This activity can be one of the government's supports for private sector development in the sanitation sector. The district Center for Health Protection is responsible for distributing these materials, which can be combined with behavior change communication materials.

- Organization providing septic tank cleaning services: Once the sanitation market has developed strongly and many households have used septic tanks, the demand for septic tank cleaning services will increase. The Center for Health Protection can coordinate with the Urban Environment Company URENCO and support the company to provide this service to rural areas, perhaps by informing households about the company's services and connecting groups of households in need with the company. During village meetings, the Center for Health Protection can use communication materials to provide information to households about the need to regularly clean and sanitize their septic tanks.

Regular septic tank cleaning and contact information for available service providers in the area.

- Another option is that the Center for Disease Control will support URENCO to coordinate with CHTIs that need to provide this additional service on a commission basis. CHTIs can even directly participate in providing the service by investing in purchasing small-sized septic tank suction machines.

3.5.4. Financial support options for households and convenience stores


a . Financial support options for families

Support households to borrow clean water and sanitation loans from Vietnam Bank for Social Policies

The village TVET and CHTI need information about preferential loan schemes for building NT from the Social Policy Bank. During household visits, village TVET and sales collaborators will present to households the loan terms (the bank lends up to 6 million to build NT within 5 years, with an interest rate of 0.65% / month). However, TVET should be careful not to overestimate the household's ability to repay the debt and advise households not to necessarily apply for a maximum loan of 6 million.

Propaganda about revolving fund groups for NTHVS

This mechanism will support group members to contribute savings and access financial resources to build NT.

Currently, some provinces such as Hoa Binh and Dien Bien have successfully organized revolving capital contribution groups at the district level. Here are some suggestions for organizing new groups to turn the revolving capital contribution group model into an effective tool for strategic orientation of market development:

Reduce the number of members to reduce the time to complete a capital contribution cycle (it is recommended that there should be a maximum of 20 members, if there are many households wishing to participate, a new group can be established).

Set a minimum contribution of VND100,000 per member per month. Introduce low-cost NT options to reduce the investment and contribution of group members, so that a fund of VND2 million per month is enough for members to pay for the tank and floor of any type of NT.

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