Garbage container for convenience in garbage collection, after 1 day of full garbage, the garbage container is changed, environmental sanitation workers will pull the garbage container to the collection location.
It is expected that after 2015, wards will implement source classification. After operating effectively, this model will be replicated in other wards in Ha Long city.
The method of storing CTR after source classification is described inTable 3.13following:
Table 3.12. Method of storing household CTR when classified at source
TT
Content | Organic waste | Inorganic waste | Recyclable waste | ||
1 | Main ingredients | Flowers, vegetables, fruits, leftovers, tea and coffee grounds, leaves, grasses… | Bones, tree branches, shells, mussels, porcelain, cloth, charcoal, cigarette butts... | Paper (Magazines, newspapers, books, covers...), metal (Iron, aluminum, copper, etc.), plastics... | |
2 | Household trash can | Green trash can | Yellow trash can | Depending on the household, they may leave recyclables in plastic bags or next to household trash cans. family | |
3 | Trash cans in public areas, offices... | Green trash can 120 - 240 liters | Yellow trash can 120 - 240 liters | Gray trash can 120 – 240 liters | |
4 | Garbage collection time | As per the rules | As per the rules | Depends on the household family and waste source owner | |
5 | Collect sorted waste | Collection vehicles travel along collection routes within the service area at predetermined times of the day. Households are responsible for bringing their solid waste in plastic bags or in bins and dumping it directly into the collection vehicle. Garbage collection vehicles have 02 compartments: 01 compartment for organic waste, 01 compartment for inorganic waste, if there is recyclable waste (if any) it is released. into the bag hanging next to the trash cart. | |||
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Recycling facility
Recyclable scrap
The model of waste classification at source is specifically described by the following diagram:
Source of household waste
Organic waste has the ability to decompose.
The remaining ingredients
Sort and store at source
Waste transfer point
Waste transfer point
The remaining ingredients
Recyclable scrap
Classification point at processing point
Organic fertilizer
Waste
Organic fertilizer processing plant
Sanitary landfill
Figure 3.5. The proposed classified domestic solid waste management model applied to the study area
3.2.3. Proposed plan for storage and collection of domestic solid waste
The thesis proposes two forms of storage and collection of domestic solid waste as follows:
after:
*. Storage and collection from households:
In this method, collection vehicles travel along streets and alleys.
within the service area at predetermined times of the day. Households
Households are responsible for carrying solid waste in plastic bags or in trash cans and dumping it directly into the collection vehicle. Collection vehicles are usually hand-pushed garbage trucks.
The difference with the door-to-door collection system is that it involves each household using their own indoor solid waste bins. Residents are responsible for placing their bins in front of their homes before the solid waste collection time and storing them inside their homes after they have been emptied by the collection workers.
*. General storage and collection:
This system is implemented by placing at convenient locations throughout the service area mobile solid waste containers. Since these containers are located at fixed locations, households can dispose of solid waste at any time of the day.
Where vehicular access is possible, the containers are emptied daily by compactor trucks and mechanical lifts. Along narrow streets or alleys, the containers may be transported to a wide street and emptied by compactor trucks and mechanical lifts or collected by modified vehicles and transported to a solid waste collection point.
Along with the development of Ha Long city, the technical infrastructure system in the research area is increasingly improved and people's awareness is increasingly enhanced, on that basis, the collection method by common containers is more effective and hygienic. The collection and transportation of solid waste by common containers is cheaper and more convenient than storage at households. On that basis,
The thesis proposes to choose the storage method using common containers for management.
Solid waste management in the area of 3 wards Bach Dang, Hong Hai and Hong Ha. 240 liter public trash bins are located along the route where trash trucks can enter.
The 660-liter bins are located along the main road of Ha Long City. Households can dump their waste at any time. One bin serves about 50 households. The distance between two bins is 100m.
The 240 liter and 660 liter public waste bins are shown in Figures 3.6 and 3.7.
Figure 3.6. 660 liter trash bin Figure 3.7. 240 liter trash bin
When the trash bins along the road or in the alleys are full of trash, workers will transport it by tricycle, modified vehicle or tow truck to transfer stations.
Vehicles transporting solid waste are kept clean, garbage trucks are washed before leaving the landfill, there are no hand-pushed collection vehicles, leaving them lying around on the streets. Each modified garbage collection vehicle can carry one 660-liter bin or two 240-liter bins. The modified vehicle to transport the bins to the transfer station is shown in Figure 3.8.
Figure 3.8. Transporting trash cans by pedal tricycle
Currently, the research area is managed by storing waste at households and collecting it at fixed hours by 400-liter collection trucks (about 388 trucks in the 3 research wards). Although this method has many disadvantages, it is still effective. Therefore, to convert to the collection method using common containers, there needs to be a roadmap to raise people's awareness in
to deliver waste to common waste bins and also to utilize the capacity of the vehicle
existing collection. Therefore, the thesis proposes the use of the collection method by
240-liter solid waste containers and 400-liter trucks (current number of trucks) for the period up to 2015. This method will be gradually replaced completely by the collection method using 240-liter and 660-liter general solid waste containers by 2020. The collection and storage methods of each period are presented specifically below:
Current period (2013) to 2015: Still using the method of storage and collection by household. Each household has two waste bins, one for organic solid waste (flowers, vegetables, fruits, leftover food, tea grounds, coffee grounds, leaves, grass, etc.) and one for inorganic solid waste (bones, tree branches, shells, mussels, ceramics, cloth, honeycomb coal, cigarette butts, diapers, etc.). The waste bin must have a tight lid, ensuring hygiene and aesthetics. Each household can use a lining bag inside the waste bin, which is a non-recyclable waste bag (made of paper or plastic), the size and color of the bag are standardized to avoid using the bag for other purposes, the blue bag contains organic solid waste, the yellow bag contains inorganic solid waste.
Collection of solid waste from households (Door to Door Collection): In this method, 400-liter collection vehicles travel along the streets and alleys within the service area at predetermined times of the day. Households are responsible for bringing their waste containers directly into the hand-pushed collection vehicles.
For places with paved roads, main gravel roads, place 240-liter public solid waste containers to ensure that solid waste is collected cleanly and hygienically.
240-liter public solid waste containers are fixed along the route, accessible by compactors and handcarts. At each fixed collection point, two different colored trash containers are placed, the blue container for organic solid waste, the yellow container for inorganic solid waste. One container serves about 30 households. The distance between two containers is 100m.
Phase 2015 to 2020: 240-liter trash bins are placed at fixed locations on the roads so that households can dispose of solid waste at any time of the day, avoiding storing solid waste indoors, which causes unsanitary conditions. At the fixed location for solid waste collection, two trash bins of different colors or signs indicating the type of waste will be placed to collect inorganic and organic solid waste separately. One bin serves about 30 households. The distance between two bins is 100m.
The 660-liter bins are located at markets and along Le Thanh Tong Street and Kho Than 1+2 Street of Bach Dang Ward, along Nguyen Van Cu Street and Lan Be – Cot 8 coastal road of Hong Hai and Hong Ha Wards. These 660-liter public bins collect solid waste from households living along these streets.
Solid waste containers are designed to be compact, have wheels, and lids, convenient for dumping garbage, easy to transport, are regularly cleaned, and when full are promptly transported by modified vehicles or specialized vehicles to transfer stations or garbage compactor points, ensuring that garbage is not left exposed or concentrated on the streets.
CLUSTER OF HOUSEHOLDS
THE FIRST PARK
SMALL WASTE TRANSFER STATION (WASTE IN BINS IS DUMPED AT THE STATION)
CLUSTER OF HOUSEHOLDS I
TRASH BIN I
CLUSTER OF HOUSEHOLDS II
TRASH BIN II
------------------
-------------------
The primary solid waste collection process in the study area until 2020 is illustrated in Figure 3.9 .
NTH HOUSEHOLDS CLUSTER
TURN THE TRASH BIN OUT IMMEDIATELY
TRASH BIN N
Figure 3.9. Diagram of primary collection network in area 03: Bach Dang ward, Hong Hai ward and Hong Ha ward.
3.2.4. Proposal for domestic solid waste transfer stations
The task of the transfer station is to transfer solid waste from collection vehicles, public waste containers and light transport to heavy trucks specializing in transporting solid waste from the transfer point to the treatment area. Classification of solid waste and
Recover recyclable waste such as paper, glass, plastic, rubber, metal...
Criteria for determining transit locations
- Solid waste transfer stations must comply with regional construction planning and solid waste management planning approved by competent authorities.
- Solid waste transfer stations must be located in convenient locations, not obstructing general traffic activities, and not adversely affecting the environment and urban aesthetics.
- Near sources of solid waste generation;
- Ensure sanitary isolation distances to adjacent areas, preferably at the end of the prevailing wind direction;
- Land area is large enough to build a transfer station. The station capacity is 5 tons/day, service radius is 0.5 km, minimum area is 20 m2.
- The area planned to build the transfer station has low groundwater level, good soil bearing capacity, far from surface water sources, and has a layer of water-proof clay.
Types of transfer stations to choose from
Informal transfer stations: Informal transfer stations are simple structures where collection equipment is gathered at a location with a concrete base. Solid waste is then discharged directly into collection vehicles or into compactor tanks equipped with hydraulic lifts. In this approach, full containers are temporarily stored at designated locations within the service area before they are emptied by transport vehicles.
* Advantage :
Site selection is simpler than for conventional transfer stations; Traffic disruption is less
Investment and operating costs are quite low
* Disadvantages :
Containers are often exposed to the public.
There is no infrastructure to minimize odors, leachate, litter, and the attraction of flies, mosquitoes, and other insects.
The number of storage points required is greater than the number of formal transit points.
* Through the criteria for determining the location of transfer stations together with the characteristics of informal transfer stations as analyzed above, it can be seen that the characteristics of informal transfer stations are suitable for old residential areas in Bach Dang ward, Hong Hai ward and Hong Ha ward due to the small residential area, high population density and narrow infrastructure. Therefore, the location of informal transfer stations is still kept as it is and combined with formal transfer stations in new urban areas. The location of informal transfer stations is shown in Table 3.14.
Formal transfer stations: Formal transfer stations in which solid waste is discharged immediately from collection vehicles (or containers) or directly into transport vehicles or into storage units (steel containers, concrete tanks). Solid waste is temporarily stored at transfer facilities and then transferred into transfer vehicles.
* Advantages: The main transfer stations are equipped with full infrastructure and therefore have the following advantages:
Reduce visibility of above ground waste handling operations Reduce odors, leachate & litter & attract flies
Trash bins are not disturbed by scavengers and animals; Can be used in conjunction with public toilets
*Disadvantages:
Difficulty in choosing locations in developed urban areas May cause public backlash
Obstructing traffic
High investment costs due to the need to equip necessary equipment and require land use and accompanying technical infrastructure.
Operating costs are quite high.
*. Based on the analysis of the above mentioned types of formal solid waste transfer stations, it can be seen that formal transfer stations have many advantages in terms of environmental sanitation and urban landscape protection. This type is suitable for urban areas with relatively good infrastructure, especially new urban areas such as Hon Tre urban area.